ethics midterm set2 – Flashcards

What are the three types of voluntary euthanasia?

Marquis argues that abortion is usually morally wrong because A. Abortions tend to be regretted by women later in life B. The fetus has an absolute right to live C. Abortion involves the loss of life which is the greatest loss that one can suffer D. Someone might abort a person who could grow up to be the President

The current primary criterion used as the legal determination of death is A. Heart function B. Breathing C. Whole brain death D. Blood circulation

The suggestion that using embryos from fertility clinics which would otherwise be destroyed or kept frozen is an ethical activity relies upon ________ reasoning a. Natural law b. Categorical Imperative c. Egoism d. Utilitarianism

The Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court decision was made in what year? A. 1963 B. 1971 C. 1973 D. 1983

Mercy Killing is the same as _________ euthanasia. a. Passive involuntary b. Active involuntary c. Passive voluntary d. Active voluntary

If a woman says she has a right to her body, she is basing her argument on a. Categorical Imperative b. Natural law c. Virtue ethics d. Egoism

What consequentialist concern was raised in the chapter regarding euthanasia? A. The fear that the patient will consider it a duty to die B. The concern that individual decisions do not always work for the benefit of the person making them or for others C. The fear that individual rights will be lessened or destroyed

Every __________ a woman in a developing country dies from complications after an unsafe abortion. a. 30 seconds b. 8 minutes c. 30 minutes d. Hour

What view best reflects Macintosh's position on human cloning? A. That our view of what is natural should be determined by biology, not by moral or cultural values B. That the process of human cloning will eventually bring about superior human beings C. That the depiction of human clones as "unnatural" is an unjustified damaging stereotype

The stage at which the fetus is capable of surviving apart from the pregnant woman is A. Quickening B. Conception C. Viability D. Sustainability

People who argue that abortions lead to a lack of adoptable babies are basing their argument on a. Utilitarianism b. Categorical Imperative c. Egoism d. Natural law

To suggest that abortion may be less immoral in Kenya than in Germany is based on a. Relativism b. Natural law c. Utilitarianism d. Categorical Imperative

Terri Schiavo's medical condition in 2005 can best be described as a. Permanent vegetative state b. Unconscious c. Coma d. Brain dead

________ is a nonconsequential consideration for active voluntary euthanasia. a. Autonomy b. Family finances c. Effect on family d. Shortage of medical facilities

Why is infant euthanasia considered nonvoluntary? A. Because it violates the AMA ethical code B. Because the baby cannot make its wishes known C. Because there are no foreseeable benefits to the society in terminating the lives of children

What non-consequentialist concern about euthanasia was raised in the chapter? A. it may result in a burden on the health-care system B. that the societal interest in eliminating the sick and dying is inherently malevolent C. that a person's mental competence and autonomy might be compromised by fear or a lack of understanding

The principle that would allow giving pain medication even though the action may have a bad effect is A. The Greatest Happiness Principle B. The Principle of Double Defect C. The Principle of Double Effect D. The Principle of Unforeseen Consequences

What state currently allows for active euthanasia? A. California B. Delaware C. Oregon D. Minnesota

Arguments that depend on the moral status of the fetus will not involve A. the process of conception and fertilization B. the detection of brain waves C. the stage of viability D. the rights of the mother

A blastocyst is a a. Ball of cells b. Concept the pro-life camp uses to scare women c. Ovum d. Type of abortion procedure

What right was seen grounded in the Constitution according to Roe v. Wade? A. Informed consent B. Self-determination C. Privacy D. Autonomy

What does Leon Kass think about the general repugnance at the thought of cloning a human? A. repugnance is a warning not to transgress what is unspeakably profound B. repugnance is a natural by-product of scientific research C.repugnance is a lamentable outburst in light of the potential benefits to humanity

What country has legalized physician-assisted suicide? A. The Netherlands B. Germany C. Canada D. South Africa

Therapeutic cloning refers to the process by which a. Genetic replicas are created for people who have lost pets b. A person's own stem cells are reproduced to facilitate healing c. Genetic material is created for therapies d. Clones are healed during development

Why don't Utilitarians concern themselves with the moral status of the fetus? A. It is the humanity of the fetus that concerns Utilitarians, not the moral status of the fetus moral status of the fetus B. It is the duty of the mother to the fetus that concerns Utilitarians, not the moral status of the fetus C. It is the effects on the mother, child, and others that concern Utilitarians, not the moral status of the fetus

Why does Kass say, "What would kinship be without clear natural grounding? And what would identity be without kinship?"

Nonvoluntary euthanasia occurs when A. The patient decides to end their live against the wishes of others B. The patient is forced to die against their own wishes C. Persons other than the patient decide that the patient's life will end D. Doctors choose not to follow the instructions of a living will

The two basic types of cloning are A. Reproductive and deductive B. Mechanical and chemical C. Therapeutic and reproductive D. Natural and unnatural

Arguments that do not depend on the moral status of the fetus will not involve A. consequentialist reasoning B. deontological reasoning C. the rights of the mother D. the stages of fetal development

According to Becker, the Buddha believed it was important to a. Avoid euthanasia because it would lead to an unfortunate reincarnation b. Fully experience one's death c. Have proper thoughts at the time of death d. Pray for those who were dying

What does Kass see wrong with the technical, liberal, and meliorist approaches to human cloning? A. They all ignore the Categorical Imperative B. They all ignore the deeper social and ontological meanings of bringing forth a new life C. They all ignore the economic realities of the human costs that will be born if cloning is allowed

According to their report issued June, 1997, what is the position of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission on human cloning? A. They concluded that at this time human cloning is morally unacceptable B. They concluded that at this time human cloning is morally acceptable only if it involves human stem cells C. They concluded that at this time human cloning is morally acceptable only if the patient to be cloned gives his or her informed consent

One truth about reproductive cloning is that a. Cloned creatures are always physically unsound b. Identical twins are clones c. Cloned people may not have souls d. Human clones would be used for body parts

What distinguishes active euthanasia from passive euthanasia? A. In passive euthanasia, the individual's death is due to a lethal injection, rather than non-intervention B. In passive euthanasia, the individual's death is due to the assistance of a family member D. In passive euthanasia, the individual's death is due to withholding or withdrawing medical treatment and allowing the patient to die

When the Human Genome Project was started in 1990, what was its goal? B. To undertake DNA sampling of indigenous populations C. To "map" or code the entire human genome and make sure the United States takes the lead in the global race to map human DNA D. To "map" or code the entire human genome as a cooperative effort of the United States, Great Britain, and Japan

What starting point for consideration of abortion does Thomson accept? A. That most violinists should be saved B. That the fetus is a person from the moment of conception C. That the fetus is not a person from the moment of conception D. That the fetus has an absolute right to live

The Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court decision distinguished between how many stages during a woman's pregnancy? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five

What does the term "euthanasia" literally mean? A. "Good death" B. "Painless death" C. "Merciful dying" D. "Termination of suffering"

Difference between brain death and a persistent vegetative state (PVS)? A. In PVS the individual lost both cerebral cortex function and brain stem function B. In PVS the individual lost all brain stem function, but retained some good cerebral cortex function C. In PVS the individual has lost all cerebral cortex function but has retained some good brain stem function.

Autonomy means A. Mechanically inclined B. Determined by others C. Self-rule D. Rule by the Elite

Rachels claims that A. All euthanasia is murder B. Most euthanasia is immoral C. Active euthanasia is morally unacceptable D. Sometimes letting a person die is worse than bringing about their death with a lethal injection

Gay-Williams' arguments against euthanasia do not include A. Argument from nature B. Argument from self-interest C. Argument from practical effects D. Argument from population

What is the point of the violinist analogy in Thomson's argument? A. That violinists tend to need extensive medical care B. That a person is not always morally obligated to keep a person alive C. That a violinist is different from a fetus

What is the American Medical Association's position on physician-assisted suicide? A. It supports it in the case of terminal patients B. It opposes it C. It supports it in the case of competent adults who repeatedly request assistance in dying and are suffering horribly