Total Spectrum Relias Videos Exam - Flashcards

Q: Which of the following is an example of a person expressing a stereotype?

\"People with mental illness are dangerous.\"

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True or False: Finding out about the racial, ethnic, and cultural background of the person you are supporting is an important part of cultural competence.

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True

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When a person adapts to the traits of a different culture it is called __________.

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Acculturation

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True or False: An individual's cultural background can have a strong influence on many aspects of their care.

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True

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Which of the following statements is NOT an example of how routine behaviors can be influenced by a person's cultural background?

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Individuals with blue eyes are more trustworthy than others.

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One way to provide culturally competent services is to:

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Make use of natural networks of support that represent the persons culture, such as the extended family and community groups.

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_____ means having variety. It is all the human qualities that are different from your own and the groups to which you belong and includes your qualities too.

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Diversity

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The ability to support people from diverse cultural backgrounds by adapting services to their particular customs and cultural preferences as far as possible is called _____________________.

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Cultural competence

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One reason we call prejudices unfair is that they are not based on _______.

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Logic

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True or False: As a DSP, your work is not very strongly affected by the racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds of the people you serve.

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False

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Which of the following is an example of a person expressing a stereotype?

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"People with mental illness are dangerous."

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Line Graphs can be used for:

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All of the above

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Bar Graphs/Histograms represent the ______________of some data under different conditions.

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Average

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The Phase Change line demonstrates a change in conditions on a graph and is represented by:

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A solid vertical line

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The x-axis represents some unit of time during which data is obtained.

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True

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Visual Inspection is the process whereby data is:

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Graphed and analyzed

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Bar graphs can omit information, such as:

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The duration of the conditions

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In which kind of graph would you demonstrate a change in mean by drawing a horizontal line through the data set?

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Line graph

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The graph most commonly used in ABA is:

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Line graph

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What can be used to predict for behavior in the future?

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A trend line in the direction of the behavior change

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In line graphs the data points are generally connected with a solid line.

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True

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If practitioners' ethical responsibilities conflict with law, ABA practitioners should:

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make known their commitment to these Guidelines and take steps to resolve the conflict

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All of the following are some appropriate ways to respond to feedback, EXCEPT:

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Explain to your supervisor why you did what you did. They may be wrong in their feed

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All activities of a practitioner falls under these Guidelines at all times regardless of if the activity is part of his or her work-related functions or the activity is behavior analytic in nature.

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False

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The role of the RBT is to

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Provide direct support and education with individuals receiving ABA services

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RBT stands for

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Registered Behavior Technician

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What is recommended if you find that you do not have the training needed to provide services in a particular area

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Seek additional training and supervision from person's competent in those areas

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Which of the following is deemed acceptable when it comes to avoiding dual relationships?

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None of the above are acceptable

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Our clients have certain rights and prerogatives that need to be maintained. The client must be provided on request

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an accurate, current set of the practitioner's credentials

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Practitioners can solicit testimonials from current clients as long as they report on the positive aspects of behavior

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False

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When practitioners believe there may have been an ethical violation by another practitioner, or non behavioral colleague, they attempt to resolve the issue, first by:

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Bringing it to the attention of that individual

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ABA would be an effective intervention for which of the following?

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all of the above

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Practitioners can solicit testimonials from current clients as long as they report on

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false

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If you have commitments that get in the way of service delivery, it is okay as long as services are not disrupted for over 2 weeks, as that is when regression occurs.

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False

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If practitioners' ethical responsibilities conflict with law, ABA practitioners should

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make known their commitment to these Guidelines and steps

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If the demands of an organization conflict with these Guidelines, practitioners

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clarify the nature of the conflict with their supervisor, make known their commitment to these Guidelines and try to resolve the conflict

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Who can be defined as a client of ABA services?

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any of the above

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Which of the following would be the most appropriate report about behaviors observed

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Johny engaged in 4 episodes of hand biting today

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If a practitioner finds that, due to unforeseen factors, a potentially harmful multiple relationship has arisen, what is recommended?

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attempt to resolve with the best interests of the affected person and maximal compliance with the Guidelines

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Behavior Analysts adhere to Code of ethics that seeks to protect the _____________.

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rights of its consumers

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Punishment is used to _______________.

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decrease behaviors

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Whenever punishment is going to be used, the client or the person whom makes decisions for the client, such as a parent or guardian, must ___________.

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give informed consent

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It is ethical to discuss clients publicly using their first name as long as you never say last names.

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false

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In the book, Ethics for Behavior Analysts, Bailey and Burch outlined 9 guidelines that can and should be followed when _______.

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making decisions about our clients

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All of the following are areas covered by the BACB Professional and Ethical Compliance code EXCEPT:

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The Behavior Analyst's Ethical Responsibility to Occupational Therapy

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Behavior Analysts adhere to code of ethics that suggests guidelines for conduct including teaching what kind of skills

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functional

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The main goal of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) was to ___________.

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allow people to carry insurance from one employer to another and to protect the privacy and security of medical records and information

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Respect autonomy, benefit others, and be just are all ________.

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from Ethics for Behavior Analysts by Bailey and Burch

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The one time you should violate confidentiality is _______________.

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when there is suspected abuse or neglect

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What is the power of suggestion?

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Information that can be incorporated into your own memories that makes it hard to distinguish comments from your actual experience.

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Why is using the active voice a good choice when writing incident reports?

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The active voice is generally clear, powerful, and concise.

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What is the best definition of an incident report?

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The process of documenting events that have caused or have the potential to cause a negative impact on the health, safety, or wellbeing of the person you serve.

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Which of these is NOT true of practicing in an ethical manner and maintaining confidentiality?

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Write the incident report after 24 hours have passed and fill in details as you see necessary

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Once the health and safety needs of the person have been addressed after an incident, what are the next concerns to be addressed?

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Reporting and carefully documenting the incident.

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Why is the use of jargon not a good idea in an incident report?

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Jargon may not be understood by everyone who reads the report.

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Which of these is NOT a question you should try to answer in your report when describing the incident?

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What is your subjective opinion of the incident?

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Which of the following sentences does NOT contain jargon?

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Amy's staff person, Sarah, helped her complete her stretching exercises.

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What are the three "Cs" of an incident report?

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Clear, Chronological, Complete

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If another person you support is also involved in an incident, what should you do?

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Don't include their full name or any other identifying information about them.

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Which of the following is an objective and factual statement?

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I heard Karen screaming.

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Which of the following could be included in the incident report as an attachment?

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Medical documents created by the doctor who treated the person in the incident report.

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Why is it a good idea to consider who may need to read the report when you are writing incident reports?

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To be sure your report covers all details that might be useful to those entities.

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Why should you try to be as complete and descriptive as you can be in describing what led up to the incident?

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Prior events may or may not have caused the incident but may turn out to be important information.

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Which of the following is true of reporting incidents to law enforcement?

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You should discuss with your supervisor which instances you should report to them first, or contact law enforcement first.

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What is a trend analysis?

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A collection and evaluation of information contained in incident reporting records to limit a recurrence.

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If others witness the incident, what should you attempt to do?

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Ask for their contact information and include this in the incident report.

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Which of the following is an example of writing a clear incident report?

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The report is written in a way that can be understood by a wide audience.

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Which of the following questions should you try to answer when describing what happened during the incident

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What actions did you or others take during the incident?

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What does the term anaphylaxis mean?

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A severe response to a whole body allergic reaction

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Which statement is true about heat exhaustion and heat stroke?

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Heat exhaustion may improve with first aid, but heat stroke is a medical emergency.

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To treat a minor burn, how long should you immerse the area in cool water?

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5-10 minutes

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In the event of a toxic eye injury, you should:

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Flush the eye immediately with lots of clean water

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Which statement is true about mental status changes?

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A change in mental status could indicate a life-threatening situation.

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If a person is choking but still conscious, you should:

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Administer back blows and abdominal thrusts.

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If you suspect a person is in shock the best thing to do is:

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Call for emergency medical assistance.

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What should you do if you think a person has a spinal injury?

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Instruct the person not to move and stabilize their head if possible.

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You are providing first aid for someone with a burn on the leg. What should you do with the clothing around the burn?

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Cut away clothing around the burn but do not remove clothing stuck to the burn.

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What is the first step when a poisoning is suspected?

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Call Poison Control

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You have to carry a box of supplies to the car on a snowy afternoon. The sun is out and it reflects off the snow, creating a strong glare. What strategy can help keep your balance on the slick surface?

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take small steps

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To help prevent slips, trips, and falls:

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pick up or clean up things you have dropped or spilled

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Surfaces that are wet, icy, or highly polished can cause a person to:

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slip

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In general it is better to let people know directly that you consider their behavior offensive before you take formal measures. When would it be better to avoid direct confrontation?

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When you feel unsafe

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The standard used by the courts to determine whether sexual harassment has occurred is called the ____________________ standard.

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Reasonable person

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Can behavior be considered sexual harassment if someone doesn't intend to be offensive, but another person takes offense?

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yes

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What would be a useful recommendation to give to someone experiencing ongoing difficulty with harassment at work?

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Document the behaviors in detail.

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To be considered sexual harassment, behaviors must be considered:

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Unwelcome and unwanted

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All of the following fluids from HIV-infected person can transmit HIV except:

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Sweat

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When cleaning up a work area you feel a sharp burning sensation in your hand and find that you have been lacerated by contaminated sharp. What should you do?

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Wash the laceration with soap and water and report the incident as an exposure immediately.

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BBPs include any fluid secreted by humans, including sweat.

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False

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HIV infected individuals may experience flu-like symptoms while some remain asymptomatic. Those who develop symptoms do so:

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2 to 4 weeks after exposure

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Hepatitis refers to disease involving what organ?

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Liver

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Placing the proper chemicals/liquids in proper containers is one way to _______________.

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Reduce a potential fire

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The fire tetrahedron includes fuel, heat, combustion (chemical reaction), and _______________.

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Oxygen

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Class A fire extinguishers are used on flammable liquid fires such as oil and gas.

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False

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A,B,C,D, and K are classifications for _____________.

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Extinguishers

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The administration that establishes rules and regulations for all workplace facilities is _______________.

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OSHA

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Class C fire extinguishers are used for _________________.

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Energized electrical equipment

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What is the most important thing you can do to prevent workplace violence?

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Immediately report any concerns you have.

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For workplace violence to occur, it must be an employee or ex-employee of the organization.

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False

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When encountering a person with a weapon, your first action should be to try to disarm or overpower them.

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False

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Warning signs that indicate a potentially violent person include:

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Multiple violations of company policy

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Which of the following interventions would NOT be appropriate when dealing with a hostile individual?

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Use physical contact

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Frequency recording would be appropriate to use for which behavior?

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Key strokes

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Outcome recording could be used for which behavior?

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Writing an essay

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Find the best definition for hitting

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forceful contact between the learner's hand and another person

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An operational definition is used for a behavior so that

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two independent observers will agree on occurrences and non-occurrences of the behavior

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Which kind of data should be recorded on a graph for visual analysis?

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All data

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What is the first step in creating a behavioral treatment?

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Define the behavior and select a measurement technique.

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Indirect assessment consists of:

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Interviews, rating scales, questions, surveys, etc.

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If a Behavior Analyst measured the length of time that it took Andrew to respond to someone calling him, she would be measuring the

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Latency

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When labeling the vertical or y-axis you should indicate the specific measurement of behavior.

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True

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If a Behavior Analyst watched Jimmy for 5 minute periods and recorded if he were humming for ANY part of that 5 minutes period, she would be using:

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Partial Interval Recording

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Sara is working on social referencing, her teacher says "Sara" while shaking a bottle of bubbles (which she loves!). In response, Sara looks at her teacher. What should happen next in the sequence?

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Her teacher should reinforce immediately with bubbles, and say "nice looking."

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Read the following scenario: Carly answers a question correctly. Carly's teacher gives her a high five. In the future Carly answers more questions correctly. The high five is an example of what?

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Social Reinforcement

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What functions as a natural consequence of most social behaviors?

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Peer attention

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What kind of data is discussed as easier to use with social skills?

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Probe data

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The first step in Joint Attention is ___________.

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Teaching the student to respond to bids of another

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An interaction between two individuals is the definition of __________.

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Social Behavior

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Ricky is sitting on the floor playing with blocks. Within a few feet are other children engaging with other toys, such as books and cars. What kind of play is this?

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Parallel play

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What can be used to determine existing nonsocial and social reinforcers?

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A preference assessment

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Kaci is 4 months old, what milestone is likely to start developing at this age?

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Attention from caregivers functioning as a reinforcer

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Measuring the rate of initiations and number of teacher prompts would give good data about the student's___________?

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Social motivation

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Task Analysis is the first step in...

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chaining

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Johnny is reinforced first for saying ba, then baba, then bottle. This is an example of what procedure?

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shaping

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Breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units is the definition of...

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task analysis

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During episodes of non-compliance, it may be necessary to use which type of prompt?

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physical

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What is the best prompt to use when first teaching imitation?

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Physical prompts

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What kind of prompt is being used when the teacher flashes the light off then on to get students' attention?

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visual prompt

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True or False: Video modeling is a new area of research in the field of education and behavior analysis.

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False

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Imitation training can be used to teach students to take cues from...

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model prompts

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Verbal prompts are some of the __________ prompts to fade.

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most difficult

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When creating video-self modeling videos, you______________________.

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videotape the student engaging in the desired behavior and edit out any other behaviors

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When teaching new behavior, you should use which type of prompt hierarchy?

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most to least

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The purpose of using time delay when prompting is...

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to fade prompts and transfer the response to the SD

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Video modeling is beneficial because_________________

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some children with autism already imitate videos and watching videos is often reinforcing.

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A phonemic prompt is...

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a small verbal prompt that gets the learner to emit the desired response.

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For a student to be able to begin imitation training, they need to engage in some pre-requisite behaviors, including...

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staying seated and attending to the teacher.

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The SD for an Imitation skill should be...

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all of the above

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The following sequence should be followed in teaching imitation:

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probe ->, present model-> prompt ->gradually fade-> reinforce all approximations ->mix up the actions with other mastered actions.

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For ASD children that do not easily acquire imitation, skills may need to be...

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broken down into basic components, directly taught, and reinforced.

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Having a child copy an instructor as she opens and closes her mouth is an example of...

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oral motor imitation.

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Teachers can expand the motor skills by chaining them together. An example of this is...

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all of the above

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It is important to remember throughout imitative skills training that the end goal is to have the student...

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imitate others in his natural environment.

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It's important to remember that _______ action(s) should be taught for the same toy in imitation.

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multiple

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Which is the proper ABC form of imitative (mimetic) behavior?

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A-stimulus involving motor movement by a model, B-non-verbal and mimics the movements of the model, C-reinforcement of the imitative behavior

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The four areas of Motor Imitation are...

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Toy/Object Imitation, Gross Motor Imitation, Fine Motor Imitation, and Oral Motor Imitation.

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The matching law states that...

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relative rates of responding tend to equal the relative rates of reinforcement they produce.

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Characteristics and variables of reinforcement that are components of the matching law can be remembered with the acronym...

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VERMI

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Present difficult (acquisition) tasks approximately _________ percent of the time.

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20

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When a learner begins to become noncompliant, it most likely due to...

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they are not getting enough reinforcement and the schedule of reinforcement is too thin.

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Once pairing has taken place, the teacher can become a ___________reinforcer.

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conditioned

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Non contingent reinforcement is delivered:

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independent of the child's behavior

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The first step of establishing instructional control is...

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pairing yourself, the teaching environment and the setting with reinforcement.

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Many individuals with problem behaviors have established learning histories where teachers and learning environments are...

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a worsening sets of conditions

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Behaviors that are reinforced more often than others will be more likely to occur again in the future. This corresponds with which variable of reinforcement?

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rate

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This term refers to how hard or how much the learner needs to work in order to obtain the reinforcer.

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effort

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You will know pairing has taken place when...

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the child approaches you instead of avoids you

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A learner will be more likely to perform behaviors that earn him more reinforcement than he would a behavior that produces less reinforcement. This refers to which characteristic of reinforcement?

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magnitude

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To help establish Functional Relationships, you should do which things?

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Perform preference assessments and allow the child to choose the task/activity.

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Rob is learning body parts, and loves frogs. His teacher draws a frog, but leaves out parts of its body. When he points at the missing part, she prompts him to say the body part, then draws it. This is an example of NaTS because...

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the reinforcer was directly related to the material being taught.

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Which of the following is NOT a Naturalistic Teaching Strategy?

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discrete trial instruction

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Free Operant preference assessments involve...

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watching what your learner chooses to do when they can play with anything available.

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Which of the following is true about mand training?

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Motivation is needed to appropriately teach manding.

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Which of the following methods are based on the principles of ABA?

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Both DTI and NaTS

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True or False: Both Discrete Trial Instruction and Naturalistic Teaching Strategies are ESTABLISHED treatments for developmental disorders.

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True

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When certain parts of the environment impact our response, this is said to have _____________over our responses.

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Stimulus control

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There is a Functional Relationship between a behavior and a consequence when that behavior naturally produces that______________

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consequence

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The basic assumptions of Naturalistic Teaching Strategies are all of the following EXCEPT...

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behavior should always be taught in a contrived environment, such as a classroom before it is taken into the environment where it naturally occurs.

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Which effective teaching procedures can be used in NaTS to maintain motivation?

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Using errorless teaching and varying tasks

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Something you can do to prevent the student from losing motivation in Naturalistic Teaching is...

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change activities at a pace that is just slightly faster than the learner is losing interest in them in following teaching sessions.

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When teaching a new skill you should _____________.

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Use multiple stimuli

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True or False: What someone says they want is the best predictor of reinforcer effectiveness.

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False

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Sue's teachers say she isn't motivated by anything. She shows little interest in toys, activities or food. An exception appears to be one CD that she listens to exclusively. What can Sue's teachers do to broaden her reinforcement repertoire?

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Pair toys, food, and activities with the music she loves and then start to fade the music volume down.

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Multiple examplar training refers to _______________.

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Using many different stimuli to teach a skill to promote generalization.

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What can you do to teach a concept in a way that will more easily generalize to other person, settings and related behaviors?

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Teach with many different examples of the same item or activity.

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Which of the following would be best taught through chaining:

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Brushing teeth

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Which of the following is backwards chaining?

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Prompting a learner through all steps of washing hands, but allowing them to throw away the towel independently.

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Task variation involves the random interspersing of:

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Tasks during a therapy session

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Data collection is important primarily because it:

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provides concrete evidence of progress and guides the decision making process for the program

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Backwards chaining is ________________.

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Prompting the learner through the initial steps and allowing them to complete the final step, then they complete the final two steps, then three steps and so on.

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The description of a larger skill broken down into a sequence of steps is called _______________.

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Task analysis

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Shaping is _________.

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reinforcing successive approximations of a target behavior

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Teaching Johnny to label his clothing items as he dressed would be an example of what?

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Natural environment teaching (NET)

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Errorless learning is when:

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The instructor provides prompting when the target is presented so that student response is correct

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Generalization means demonstration of mastery across ____________.

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time, people, and materials

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With regards to reinforcement all of the following rules should be followed EXCEPT:

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Reinforcers should always be delivered non-contingently

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The Discrete Trial Instruction strategy involves all of the following except...

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presenting each target only once.

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The following is an example of what concept? The teacher glances at the cow toy as she presents the instruction, "Give me the cow."

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Inadvertent prompting

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The definition of discrete trial is...

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breaking skills down into small steps and teaching one sub-skill at a time until mastery.

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True or False: With expressive targets you can use expanded trials.

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True

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Prompts are a critical part of the learning process because they...

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All of the above

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In DTI, the inter-trial-interval (ITI) generally lasts how long?

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1-3 seconds

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Who conducted the pivotal studies on discrete trial that are still referenced for using DTI today?

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LOVAAS

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Which of the following is the instruction?

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Discriminative Stimulus

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In the Discrete Trial cycle, the prompt should occur when?

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Simultaneously with the instruction, or just after it

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True or False: The informational "no" is not necessary in DTI.

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True

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There are three types of behavior intervention strategies in the behavior plan; they are...

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Antecedent Interventions, Replacement Behaviors and Consequence interventions.

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If reinforcement is delivered after each number of responses listed, which of the following is variable ratio of 7 (VR7)?

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3, 11, 7, 7, 4, 10

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Cameron has tantrums and noncompliance for the function of escaping a task. What antecedent interventions would be best to use in the BIP?

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Stimulus demand fading

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Using _______________________ to prevent problem behaviors is considered the proactive approach.

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antecedent interventions

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Joseph engages in shouting out behaviors for the function of gaining attention. What antecedent interventions would be best to use in the BIP?

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Non-contingent attention

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The inter-trial interval should last...

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approximately 1/2 second.

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A motor activity schedule could...

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reduce the motivation for self stimulatory behavior.

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Systematic Desensitization/Exposure Therapy is most often used to treat...

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phobias

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Pairing has occurred when...

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the teacher is paired with reinforcement

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Which of the following is not a part of a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)?

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How the child feels when the behavior is occurring

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Errorless teaching would be most appropriate to prevent...

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behaviors to escape/avoid something.

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All of the following are MOs EXCEPT...

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being angry.

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All of the following are examples of setting events, except...

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mood.

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A Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) is developed to...

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decrease problem behaviors and teach or increase replacement behaviors in all settings.

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_________________the pace of instruction can decrease the likelihood of escape behaviors.

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Increasing

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Stimulus control is when...

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a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of a particular discriminative stimulus than in its absence.

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Levi screams whenever he wants his helicopter toy. What would be a good antecedent intervention?

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Functional communication training (teach manding/requesting)

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If escape behaviors are occurring frequently, it is often due to...

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the reinforcement schedule being too thin

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The Wait and Transitions program are both used as antecedent interventions for...

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behaviors to gain item/activity.

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Every ten minutes Johnny is rewarded with a gummy if he did not throw his toys. This is an example of which differential reinforcement procedure?

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DRO

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Leila engages in hand mouthing. She is reinforced every time she is engaged in a behavior that is incompatible with hand mouthing (drawing or building with legos). This is an example of which differential reinforcement procedure?

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DRI

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What is another name for a fast trigger?

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Antecedent

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What might be an appropriate consequence intervention for screaming for attention?

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Ignoring the scream and later prompting them to call your name

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All of the following should be included in a behavior plan EXCEPT...

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Diagnosis of child

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Extinction functions the same as __________ because both __________ the rate of a behavior.

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punishment, decrease

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All of the following are rules of thumb with time out EXCEPT...

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evaluate the effectiveness of time out by identifying if the child is sad when they are in time out.

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Which of the following is an example of Overcorrection?

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Claire has to write a sorry letter to the teacher and all of her friends when she yells at her friends in class.

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Antecedent Interventions will be implemented...

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before a behavior

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Which of the following should be used first when dealing with problem behaviors?

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Antecedent interventions

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Punishment can cause all of the following unwanted side effects, EXCEPT...

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the behavior may increase in frequency indefinitely

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Extinction is the most difficult to use with ___________ maintained behaviors.

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automatically

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When Keenan and his mother go to the zoo, Keenan always whines to ride the train. Most of the time his mother says "no," but when she is really tired she might say "yes." Why is this behavior not likely to be easily extinguished?

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she has reinforced his whining on a very thin variable ratio schedule

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Which of the following are negative punishment procedures?

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time out and response cost

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The I in DRI stands for...

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incompatible

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In the Receptive Instructions Program, generally the first step should be:

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Give instructions to perform preferred tasks in context

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Listener responding involves responding ____________ to the verbal behavior of another.

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non-verbally

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Which of the following is an example of non-specific reinforcement? Behavior: child, "cookie;" Consequence: child is given a cookie

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Behavior: teacher, "Go wash your hands;" Consequence: child washes hands and is given a cookie

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If shown an array of photos and asked, "Give me the one that you jump on," this is an example of...

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Function

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Which of the following is a good receptive skills program for early learners?

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Receptive Identification of Body Parts

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Which of the following is NOT an example of receptive identification?

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Do you have a cat?

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In receptive identification it is recommended that the array of items should:

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Increase in size and become messier

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The ABC of Receptive Language is:

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Antecedent: another person's verbal behavior Behavior: non-verbal response Consequence

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There must be a Motivating Operation (MO) to evoke a tact.

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False

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Probe data is very time consuming, but also the most accurate.

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False

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Which of the following would be transfer trial: The teacher presents the SD with an echoic prompt, the student responds correctly so next the teacher will _________.

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Present the SD but this time fade or omit the echoic prompt

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When encountering a new client you should identify their skill level by __________.

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Performing an assessment, such as the VB-MAPP.

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Pick the best definition for tact:

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A type of expressive language used to label or describe objects, actions, and characteristics in a learners environment.

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The following is a definition of what: The transfer of skills over time, to untrained responses, and across different environments.

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Generalization

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If teaching an object, such as car, you should:

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Contrive opportunities to teach multiple tacts surrounding each item (label the color, function, size etc.).

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Most agree that individuals need to have which kind of repertoire before tact training should start.

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Echoic / Verbal Imitation

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What is a later step to be targeted within tacting?

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Increase the length of utterances using carrier phrases.

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In the most common terms, a tact is a __________.

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Label

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Stimuli in the environment that signal behavior and that are associated with reinforcement is the definition for __________.

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Discriminative Stimuli (SDs)

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Which of the following is the correct diagram for tact?

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Sd is a non-verbal stimulus - individual says label - individual receives non-specific reinforcement

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In the beginning level learner you may first want to target:

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sounds or parts of words

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All of the following should be taken into consideration when choosing targets, EXCEPT:

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Sounds/words that have multiple syllables.

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Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing is a fancy name for the procedure of:

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Pairing reinforcement with vocalizations so talking alone provides reinforcement

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Which is an example of echoic behavior?

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A "candy"--> B "candy"--> C non-specific reinforcement

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Which of the following is appropriate to teach in verbal imitation/echoic training?

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All of the above

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When children produce sounds that resemble those produced by their parents, these sounds may function as:

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automatic reinforcement

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Similar to classical conditioning, when a _____________such as parent vocalizations are paired with a ____________ such as food, the vocalizations may become reinforcing themselves.

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neutral stimuli/reinforcer

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As the student becomes more proficient with verbal imitation, what procedure should be used to shape articulation?

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Differential reinforcement

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Who wrote Verbal Behavior and broke down language into verbal operants?

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Skinner

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Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior emphasizes __________ in addition to the form of language.

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function

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Another term for listener responding is...

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receptive language

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Clapping upon seeing another individual clapping is an example of what behavior?

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imitation (mimetic behavior)

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A man approaches a pizza counter and says, "May I have a slice of cheese?" This is an example of which verbal operant?

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Mand

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Mands can result in getting all of the following EXCEPT?

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MOs

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Responses from this operant occur when someone names an item that is contacted through one of their five senses. These responses are maintained by non-specific reinforcement:

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tacts

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As a dog walks in front of a boy, he says, "Look, a dog." This is an example of which verbal operant?"

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Tact

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Skinner believed that learning a word in one operant...

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may not transfer to other operants.

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When people say, "MO," this are referring to which of the following:

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motivating operation

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A woman saying, "Cynthia" after being asked, "What's your name?" is an example of which verbal operant?

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intraverbal

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You can transfer the control of the mand to the motivation operation alone by...

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systematically fading your prompts

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Why do most professionals in the field of ABA recommend to start teaching language by teaching an individual to mand?

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because mands benefit the speaker; they say it, they get it

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Motivating operations are...

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changes in the environment that temporarily increases the value of a particular object or event.

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You can track your learners progress in mands by...

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taking frequency data and graphing the results to be analyzed over time.

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True or False: If there is no MO or motivation, there is no mand.

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True

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All of the following are important benefits of mand training EXCEPT...

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mand training will increase receptive language skills

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When deciding what mands to teach you should...

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do a preference assessment to determine what motivates your learner.

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When you alter the environment to create motivation for something, you are...

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contriving and capturing motivating operations.

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James is reaching for a gummy worm you have in your hand, and he isn't saying, "Gummy." What is the most intrusive prompt you can give?

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Model the word "gummy" (echoic prompt).

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Teaching your student to mand can decrease problem behaviors because...

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they can now use functional communication to get their needs met instead of problem behaviors.

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All of the below are examples of sanitizing the environment EXCEPT...

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spraying the materials with anti-bacterial soap everyday.

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What does it mean to "sanitize the environment"?

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Prevent free access to items the students wants so they can mand for it.

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You can verify that there is motivation when...

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all of the above.

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When a learner is first learning to mand, avoid teaching...

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all of the above.

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You have been assigned a new client. The parents don't think he has autism because he can read and repeats lines in movies. When observed, the boy is able to read, but only communicates with grunts and yells. Are these characteristics of autism?

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Yes

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Lack of big smiles or joyful expressions by six months of age can be a sign of autism.

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True

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The prevalence of autism is ___________.

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increasing

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All of these are a diagnostic criteria for autism EXCEPT:

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Deficits in intellectual abilities

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People with Asperger's syndrome usually have the following characteristics EXCEPT:

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Have good "social smarts"

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Some people with autism are known to repeat words, or phrases rather than engaging in typical language or conversation when spoken to. This is also known as _______________.

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echolalia

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The treatments for autism that have repeatedly demonstrated positive outcomes all fall under the umbrella of what approach?

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Applied Behavior Analysis

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In the 1950s and 1960s, what was the common belief for the cause of autism?

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Lack of maternal warmth

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There is no known cause for autism.

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true

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Who on the child's team is the most affected by treatment decisions that will impact the child's whole life?

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Parents or Legal Guardians

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Which of the following behaviors is observable and allows for data collection?

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Hitting with open hand

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Which of the following is not socially mediated?

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Automatic reinforcement

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An important ethical question to ask yourself when setting up a behavior change program is _____________.

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How will this benefit the Individual?

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Behavioral definitions must be both...

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observable and measurable

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Which of the following could be a Motivating Operation?

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Tommy hasn't eaten today and is very hungry

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How many functions of behavior are socially mediated?

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3

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A Behavior Intervention Plan is...

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a guide for parents, teachers and other professionals on how to decrease inappropriate behaviors and/or teach replacement behaviors.

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Anne was up late watching TV. When her alarm went off in the morning she threw it across the room. Her roommate came in and Anne yelled for her to leave her alone. What is the most likely distant setting or motivating variable affecting Anne's behavior?

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Lack of sleep

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What are the 4 functions of behavior?

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Access to tangibles, to gain attention, escape, automatic.

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The function of a behavior ______________.

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Can change based on setting and people present.

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In a real observation, it is important to do which of the following?

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Record several instances of the behavior in several settings

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You can measure the _______of behavior.

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All of the above

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What is an antecedent?

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An event that sets the stage for the behavior and occurs in close proximity to the behavior.

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Kyle walked into his classroom. The teacher told him to get his math book. Kyle fell to the floor. The teacher went to tell the principal about Kyle's behavior instead of doing the math lesson. What could be the REINFORCER?

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Escape from math

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Topography is the same as...

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form; what the behavior looks like.

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What situation might warrant a functional assessment of problem behavior and a behavior intervention plan?

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Candace throws items at her peers during class. This happens several times/hour, and occasionally it causes injury.

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Before you can make a hypothesis about the function(s) of the target behavior, you must do all of the following EXCEPT...

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tell the parents to skip medication for a day so you can rule out medication effects.

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What information can be generated from an FBA?

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What variables are likely to be involved in maintaining the behavior

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