question

If positive reinforcement is not given within a short time following the response, learning will proceed slowly. This phenomenon is called a. delay of reinforcement b. extinction c. consistency d. conditioned response

answer

delay of reinforcement

question

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, food was the a. UCS b. CS c. UCR d. CR

answer

UCS

question

Any consequence that reduces the occurrence of a behavior is a. positive reinforcer b. punisher c. negative reinforcer d. negative reinforcer and punisher

answer

punisher

question

In the episode of the office Jim spent several weeks conditioning Dwight to desire a ______ when he hears the default Windows "unlock" noise. a. chocolate b. mint c. none of the above d. piece of gum

answer

mint

question

Those who are concerned about the effects that televised aggression has on children are likely to focus on a. latent learning b. place learning d. modeling e. insight learning

answer

modeling

question

If you wan to teach a chicken how to play the piano, you should a. use negative reinforcement b. shaping c. wait for a musically inclined chicken to show up d. extinguish a piano playing behavior

answer

use shaping

question

Operant conditioning was studied by a. Freud b. none of the above c. Skinner d. Pavlov

answer

Skinner

question

In Thorndyke's law of effect, events critical for conditioning a. occur after the response b. occur before the response c. none of the above d. change the response

answer

occur after the response

question

When a stimulus acquires the power to elicit a response as a result of being paired with a stimulus that already produces the response a. shaping has occurred b. operant conditioning has occurred c. classical conditioning has occurred d. modeled behavior has occurred

answer

classical conditioning has occured

question

Pavlov's initial interest in classical conditioning was stimulated when he observed his research dogs salivating at the sight of a. food b. the food dish c. the attendants d. saliva

answer

the attendants

question

Salespeople who are paid exclusively by commission are reinforced on which type of schedule? a. fixed ratio b. variable ratio c. variable interval d. fixed interval

answer

variable ratio

question

Which of the following is/ are part of the definition of learning? a. change in behavior b. all of the above c. brought about by experience d. relatively permanent

answer

all of the above

question

Ivan Pavlov has been credited with the initial discovery of a. operant conditioning b. learning c. classical conditioning d. Pavlov box

answer

classical conditioning

question

Which form of learning would most likely be studied in a Skinner box? a. operant conditioning b. all of above c. shaping d. classical conditioning

answer

operant conditioning

question

In classical conditioning, events critical to the learning occur __________ the response a. with b. all of the above c. after d. before

answer

before

question

An example of a secondary reinforcer would be... a. pasta b. heat c. water d. money

answer

money

question

Operant conditioning usually involves reflexive behavior true false

answer

false

question

Using poker chips to reinforce mental patients for healthy behavior would be an example of using a. gambling b. tokens c. illegal activity d. shaping

answer

tokens

question

Irrational fears that are thought to be caused by classical conditioning are called a. avoidance behaviors b. phobias c. psychosomatic illnesses d. stimulus discrimination

answer

phobias

question

In __________ reinforcement, the reinforcer follows every correct response. a. intermittent b. continuous c. negative d. positive

answer

continuous

question

John loves to receive mail. Over the years, he has learned to tell the difference between the sound of the mail truck and the other cars and trucks that pass his house. What process is at work here? a. extinction b. stimulus generalization c. stimulus discrimination d. negative reinforcement

answer

stimulus discrimination

question

Reinforcement in operant conditioning is most effective when it is a. failing response b. response contingent c. request contingent d. none of the above

answer

response contingent

question

For conditioning to occur, the proper order of events is a. CS-US-UR b. CS-UR-US c. UR-CS-CR d. US-CS-UR

answer

a. CS-US-UR

question

The presentation of an averse stimulus or the removal of a positive stimulus are both examples of a. punishment b. extinction c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement

answer

punishment

question

A series of responses that gradually approach a desired pattern of behavior are called a. successive approximations b. modeling c. none of the above d. shaping behavior

answer

successive approximations

question

If a child is rewarded for appropriate behavior every 15 minutes, what type of schedule is being used? a. fixed interval b. variable ratio c. variable interval d. fixed ratio

answer

fixed interval

question

Advertisers often try to use higher order conditioning by a. pairing images that evoke good feelings with pictures of their projects b. pairing images that evoke bad feelings with pictures of their products c. all of the above d. pairing rewards that evoke feelings of happiness with their products

answer

a

question

Which of the following is suggested as a guideline for the use of punishment? a. make it clear to the individual which behavior is being punished b. all of the above c. do not give punishment mixed with rewards d do not use physical punishment

answer

b

question

In classical conditioning, learning is evident when a a. stimulus which did not initially produce a response now elicits that response b. stimulus which did initially produce a response now does not elicit that response c. none of above d. stimulus which did not initially produce a similar response now elicits that response

answer

a

question

After a response has been extinguished, it will often reappear after a short time has passed. This is called a. none b. conditioned response c. spontaneous extinction d. spontaneous recovery

answer

d

question

If you have a snake phobia because you once heard a loud noise while looking at a snake, for you a snake is a a. UCR b. CS c. CR d. UCS

answer

CS

question

A child is frightened by a loud noise while playing with a cat. If the child learns to fear the cat, it can be said that the cat was a. UCS b. UCR c. CS d. CR

answer

CS

question

Behavior that is reinforced because it causes a negative event to stop is called a. avoidance conditioning b. punishment c. escape conditioning d. shaping

answer

escape conditioning

question

In classical conditioning, an unlearned, reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is a(n) a. conditioned response b. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned stimulus d. unconditioned response

answer

d. unconditioned response

question

Which of the following is correct? a. In operant conditioning the UCS and CS occur independently of the learners behavior b. Classical conditioning usually involves reflexive behavior, while operant conditioning usually involves more complicated, spontaneous behavior. c. Classical conditioning usually involves more complicated, spontaneous behavior, while operant conditioning involves reflexive behavior. d. In classical conditioning, the reinforcement is contingent on the behavior of the learner.

answer

b

question

Your niece has a temper tantrum in the store when she is shopping. If you buy her a new toy you are encouraging more tantrums TRUE FALSE

answer

true

question

Jimmy helps his father put away the dishes after dinner. Jimmy's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior and will be most successful by praising Jimmy a. none of the above b. after all the dishes are put away c. while putting them away d. before they are all put away

answer

after the dishes are put away

question

A student does a good job on math problems for homework, and the teacher awards a sticker. This demonstrates the use of a. shaping b. learning c. reinforcement d. modeling

answer

c

question

In Pavlov's classic experiment, meat powder was the a. unconditioned response b. conditioned stimulus c. unconditioned stimulus d. conditioned response

answer

unconditioned stimulus

question

In operant conditioning, what is the relationship between events critical to learning and the response to be learned? a. they occur before the response b. they occur after the response c. no relationship

answer

the occur after the response

question

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the conditioned stimulus was the a. meat powder b. all of the above c. salivation d. bell

answer

d. bell

question

Both escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning are forms of a. positive reinforcement b. secondary reinforcement c. negative reinforcement d. superstitious behavior

answer

negative reinforcement

question

The fact that fish cannot fly and owls cannot learn to swim is an indication of a. their lack of experience b. the effects of biological limits c. the laziness of these creatures d. lack of adequate reinforcement

answer

b

question

To strengthen the connection between the CS and the CR, a. the CS must precede the CR b. the CR must precede the UCR c. the CR must precede the CS d. the CS must precede the UCS

answer

the CS must precede the UCS d

question

In classical conditioning, events critical to the learning occur __________ the response a. after b. all c. with d. before

answer

d. before

question

The first grade teacher gives students stickers when they perform well. If they earn five stickers in one day they are exempt from homework. The stickers in this example could also be called a. fairly discipline b. penalty c. tokens d. none of the above

answer

c. tokens

question

John loves to receive mail. Over the years, he has learned to tell the difference between the sound of the mail truck and the other cars and trucks that pass his house. What process is at work here? a. extinction b. stimulus generalization c. stimulus discrimination d. negative reinforcement

answer

a. stimulus discrimination

question

Learned taste aversion occurs when we develop a ____________ to a particular taste because it has been associated with nausea or illness. a. none of the above b. negative reaction c. punishment reaction d. positive reaction

answer

b. negative reaction

question

If positive reinforcement is not given within a short time following the response, learning will proceed slowly. This phenomenon is called a. consistency b. conditioned response c. extinction d. delay of reinforcement

answer

delay of reinforcement

question

__________ occurs when making a response removes an unpleasant event a. primary reinforcement b. the partial reinforcement effect c. delay of reinforcement d. negative reinforcement

answer

negative reinforcement

question

In a study of punishment, shock is administered to a hamster through a wire grid on the bottom of the cage. To the researcher's surprise, the hamster learns to roll on its back when shocked so that its fur insulates it from the shock. The hamster's response demonstrates a. negative reinforcement b. positive reinforcement c. punishment d. shaping

answer

negative reinforcement

question

When a stimulus acquires the power to elicit a response as a result of being paired with a stimulus that already produces the response a. shaping has occurred b. modeled behavior has occurred c. operant conditioning has occurred d. classical conditioning has occurred

answer

classical conditioning has occured

question

Behaviors that have been reinforced on a variable schedule are more difficult to extinguish than those that have been continuously reinforced. This is known as a. avoidance conditioning b. an extinction schedule c. shaping d. the partial reinforcement effect

answer

d.

question

After pairing the CS and US in a series of conditioning trials, the organism learns to respond to the CS alone. This response is then called a. conditioned response b. unconditioned response c. unconditioned stimulus d. conditioned stimulus

answer

conditioned response

question

Learning that comes from consequences of behaviors is a. operant conditioning b. learned behavior c. skinner conditioning d. classical conditioning

answer

operant conditioning

question

A team coach who benches a player for poor performance is using a. shaping b. punishment c. negative reinforcement d. positive reinforcement

answer

punishment

question

A student does a good job on math problems for homework, and the teacher awards a sticker. This demonstrates the use of a. modeling b. shaping c. reinforcement d. learning

answer

reinforcement

question

A dog that gets rewarded for the first bark it makes in each ten minute period is being reinforced on a __________ schedule of reinforcement a. variable interval b. fixed interval c. variable ratio d. fixed ratio

answer

fixed interval

question

Operant conditioning usually involves reflexive behavior true false

answer

false

question

In __________ reinforcement the reinforcer follows every correct response a. negative b. positive. c. continuous d. intermittent

answer

continuous

question

classical conditioning usually involves reflexive behavior true false

answer

true

question

If the conditioned stimulus is presented many times without reinforcement we can expect ____________.

answer

extinction

question

When Sandy's disruptive classroom behavior sops because the teacher and other students no longer pay attention to the behavior the process is called. a. punishment b. stimulus discrimination c. extinction d. stimulus generalization

answer

extinction

question

Punishment is most effective in suppressing behavior when it is a. immediate, consistent and intense b. consistent, lasts a while, harsh b. consistent, immediate, loving c. consistent loving, and kind

answer

c

Psychology Chapter 5 Test Studying – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards