Psych HW 3 – Flashcards
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When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of McDonald's. In this instance, McDonald's is a
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prototype
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People's automatic, unconscious associations with a political position can predict their future decisions before they consciously make up their minds. This best illustrates the power of
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intuition
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Myra has such low self-esteem that she is often on the lookout for critical comments about her appearance and personality. Myra's behavior best illustrates the dangers of
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confirmation bias
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Master chess players can make correct game moves at such speed that their acquired expertise feels like
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intuition
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The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for
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food and water
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Motivation is defined by psychologists as
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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal
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Homeostasis, which is the goal of drive reduction, is defined as
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the body's tendency to maintain a constant internal state
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Condoms have been ________ in preventing certain skin-to-skin STIs, such as herpes. Condoms have been ________ in preventing transmission of HIV.
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of limited protective value; about 80 percent effective
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A mother's immune system may have a defensive response to substances produced by male fetuses. This is most likely to contribute to
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the fraternal birth-order effect
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A high level of satisfaction with one's work is most likely to be reported by those who frequently experience
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flow
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If you mimic another person's facial expressions of emotion, you probably will feel increasing empathy for that person. This is best explained in terms of
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James-Lange theory.
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Most recent participants reported feeling more happy than sad after rubberbands secured to the sides of their faces were stretched over the tops of their heads. Their reactions best illustrated
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facial feedback effect.
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People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of
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anger.
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Men and women students watched film clips that were sad, happy, or frightening. Measures taken during their viewing of films showed that the genders differed the most in their
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facial expressions of emotion
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It has been suggested that baring the teeth is universally associated with the expression of anger because this ability to convey threats has helped humans to survive. This suggestion best illustrates the
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evolutionary perspective.
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Rannilt was euphoric after learning that she had been accepted by the medical school of her choice. After a few weeks, however, she is only mildly excited when she thinks about her admission to medical school. This change in her feelings can best be explained in terms of
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adaptation-level phenomenon
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In their classic nine-year study, Friedman and Rosenman reported that, compared with Type A men, Type B men were
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less susceptible to heart attacks
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Reduced feelings of tension following aggressive outbursts contribute to
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reinforcement of aggression
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After receiving very bad news, people ________ the duration of their negative emotions.
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overestimate
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Research on stressful life events indicates that
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those who have been recently widowed, fired, or divorced are more vulnerable to disease.
