PSYCH CH. 8 – Flashcards
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Monica recently completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and was told that her deviation IQ score fell at the 50th percentile. This means that​
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​Monica's IQ score would be 100.
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Greeno referred to problems where individuals need to carry out a sequence of changes in order to reach a specific goal as an example of a problem of​
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​transformation.
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​If your score falls at the 75th percentile on a standardized test, which of the following is an accurate interpretation?
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​75% of the people who took the test scored at or below your score.
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Michiko lives in Japan, and Krystal, Michiko's pen pal, lives in the United States. Based on the research by Nisbett and colleagues into cultural differences in cognitive styles, you should predict that when these two friends are solving problems, Michiko will tend to use ____ cognitive style, while Krystal will tend to use ____ cognitive style.​
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​a holistic; an analytic
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Which of the following statistics is generally used to estimate reliability and validity?​
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​the correlation coefficient
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Researchers presented two groups of physicians with information regarding a surgical procedure. Half the physicians were told that on average 15 out of 100 people die as a result of the surgery; the remaining physicians were told that on average 85 out of 100 people survive the surgery. Based on the framing effect, you should expect​
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​the second group of physicians would be more likely to recommend the surgical procedure to their patients.
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If environment affects intelligence, you should predict that the IQs of children who stay in understaffed orphanages will​
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​gradually decline as they grow older.
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Dr. Sciorro believes that because the majority of children acquire language without any effort, there must be a biological mechanism that facilitates language learning. Dr. Sciorro's views of language development most closely mirror those of​
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​Noam Chomsky.
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Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary, but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house. She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase. In this case, Claudia has​
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​overcome functional fixedness in solving her problem.
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According to Leon Kamin, ____ differences in IQ scores are most likely to be heritable, and ____ differences are most likely to be the result of environmental factors.​
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​within-groups; between-groups
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The incubation effect is thought to occur because​
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​people work on problems at an unconscious level.
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The term used to refer to genetically determined limits on IQ is​
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reaction range.​
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Wechsler developed the deviation IQ based on the normal distribution. On his test, an overall IQ of 130 would mean​
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​the person scored two standard deviations above the mean.
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Adoption studies provide support for the influence of​
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​both environmental and genetic factors on intelligence.
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Observing the similarities between a new problem to be solved and one you've successfully solved in the past is called​
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​searching for analogies.
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A mental "rule of thumb" for problem-solving is referred to as​
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​a heuristic.
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In convergent thinking, one attempts to​
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​narrow down a list of alternatives to solve a problem.
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A group of high IQ students are found to have larger brains than a group of low IQ students. From this, we can conclude that​
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​None of the above can be concluded from this finding
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Which theorist set out to improve on the measurement of intelligence in adults with an intelligence test that was less dependent on a subject's verbal ability and used a normal distribution to calculate scores?​
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​David Wechsler
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Which psychologist concluded that humans exhibit eight largely independent types of intelligence?​
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​Howard Gardner
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According to behaviorist theory, children's vocabularies increase and their pronunciation improves as
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​parents insist on closer and closer approximations of the correct word before they provide reinforcement.
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Carolina has been raised in an intellectually enriched environment with lots of books and age-appropriate toys. The reaction range model suggests that Carolina will​
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​score near the top of her potential IQ range.
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Roland is an architect who can design dream homes based on vague ideas and images that his clients bring to him. According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Roland is likely to score high in which of the following?​
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​spatial intelligence
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Cheryl has always performed well on conventional tests designed to measure reasoning and logical-mathematical abilities, but she doesn't seem to be able to use her skills to solve common, everyday problems. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Cheryl shows​
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​high analytical intelligence but lower practical intelligence.
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Eva just upgraded her software package. However, even though the updated version contains a number of more efficient methods for working with files, Eva continues to work with files the way she did before the upgrade. In this case, Eva is showing evidence of​
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​mental set.
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The hypothesis that one's language determines the nature of one's thought is the​
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​linguistic relativity hypothesis.
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If a test yields nearly identical scores when it is retaken after a two-month interval, the test is said to be​
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​reliable.
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After seeing your new neighbor walking very stiffly and primly by your house wearing horn-rimmed glasses on a chain, a cardigan sweater, and her hair in a bun, you decide she must be a librarian. Your judgment is based on​
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​the representativeness heuristic.
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According to Robert Sternberg, intelligence can be divided into three major parts:​
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​analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence.
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Since one of the main goals of playing Scrabble is to use your letters to form long words (the longer the word, the more points you score), Scrabble can BEST be described as a game that involves a problem of​
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​arrangement.
