History III – Flashcards
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How did geography influence the Mesopotamians and Ancient Egyptians?
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The Mesopotamians and Ancient Egyptians all settled in river valleys. The annual flooding provided fertile land that grew crops easily. Without the rivers these civilizations lived near, they wouldn't prosper the way they did.
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Who were the Sumerians?
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They were people who migrated to Mesopotamia. they were the first civilization within region, they organized area into city-states.
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Describe three accomplishments/achievements/inventions of Sumerian civilization and explain how each influenced later peoples.
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They invented the wheel, the first writings, and city-states
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What was The Code of Hammurabi?
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282 laws that Hammurabi used to rule his empire.
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How did the Nile shape Ancient Egypt?
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1. It provided silt, which kept the land around Egypt fertile 2. It provided things like papyrus that allowed for huge advancements in ancient Egypt's history
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What were three major achievements of the ancient Egyptians?
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1. The great pyramids 2. Hieroglyphics 3. Mummification
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What were the many uses of Papyrus?
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Papyrus was used for paper, sandals, and matts.
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What kinds of rights did Ancient Egyptian women have?
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Ancient Egyptian women actually had lots of rights. they were able to run businesses and attend professional schools (they could become doctors). They could also labor in the shade. They could also get a divorce (they were married at age 12-14).
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What were the major achievements of ancient Egyptians in the arts and learning?
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In the arts and learning the ancient Egyptians achieved paintings, sculpture, written records, and advances in medicine and science.
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Why were the annual floods of the Nile so important to ancient Egyptians?
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The annual floods of the Nile were important to the ancient Egyptians because they provided fertility (silt).
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Ziggurat
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Ancient Mesopotamian temple
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Hierarchy
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As systematic order of people or things
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Cuneiform
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Ancient Mesopotamian writing
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Hammurabi
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Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC)
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Giza
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An ancient Egyptian city; the site of the Great Pyramid
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Silt
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Rich fertile soil that floods the banks of the Nile
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Delta
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A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake
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Decipher
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Decode
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Dynasty
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A sequence of powerful leaders in the same family
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Pharaoh
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A god who chose to rule on earth
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Vizier
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A high-ranking government official. The pharaohs right hand man
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Rosetta Stone
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A stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, ancient greek, and demotic
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Scribe
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A professional writer or record keeper (educated well)
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Mummification
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A process of embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying
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Hieroglyphics
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An ancient Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sounds
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Papyrus
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A reed that grows along the banks of the Nile River in Egypt. From it was produced a coarse, paperlike writing medium used by the Egyptians and many other peoples in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East. They also used it for sandals and matts.
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Monotheistic
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Belief in one god
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Polytheistic
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Belief in many gods
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Tigris River
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A river in southwestern Asia that flows through the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent
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Euphrates River
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A river in southwestern Asia that flows through the southern part of the Fertile Crescent.
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Nile River
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The world's longest river, which flows northward through East Africa into the Mediterranean Sea. Oasis.
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Social mobility
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A change in position within the social hierarchy
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The Old Kingdom
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The pyramid age
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The Middle Kingdom
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The creation of vast new stretches of farmable lands during a time of drainage distress in the Nile.
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The New Kingdom
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Powerful, ambitious, pharaohs created a large empire.
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Upper Egypt
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The southern part of ancient Egypt
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Lower Egypt
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The northern part of ancient Egypt
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Mediterranean Sea
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A large body of water bordered by Europe, Asia, and Africa
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Red Sea
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body of water between northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula that was a key source of trade between Africa and East Asia
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Nubians
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People south of Egypt that expanded up and conquered Egypt, the people in Eastern Africa south of Egypt who were rivals of the ancient Egyptians. They speak their own language and were known by the Egyptians for their darker skin.
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Pyramid
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A large, triangular stone monument, used in Egypt and Nubia as a burial place for the King. The largest pyramids reflect the Egyptian belief that the proper and spectacular burial of the divine ruler would guarantee the continued prosperity of the land.
