Exam 3 Soci – Flashcards

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According to the text, there are different forms of racism. Overt, obvious racism, such as physical violence or the use of racial slurs is termed ______.
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old-fashioned racism
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Anti-Semitism is the term for
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hatred of Jewish people.
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A social category of people who share a common culture (i.e., language, national background or religion) is referred to as a(n) _____.
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ethnic group
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At the time of their "discovery," Native Americans had:
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heterogeneous cultures
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Contact theory argues that interaction between Whites and minorities will reduce prejudice on the part of both groups if all of the following conditions are met, except: social norms favoring equality are agreed upon by the participants. all parties agree to work to reduce the prejudice. the parties interact on equal ground. the contact is sustained.
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all parties agree to work to reduce the prejudice.
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____ is the evaluation of a social group based on misconceptions about the group.
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Prejudice
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Prejudice is
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usually negative
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Stereotypes are
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oversimplified statements of belief about members of a particular group.
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The assimilation perspective argues that in order to be full members of society members of minority groups must adopt as many aspects of the dominant culture as possible. This perspective pertains to which type of sociological theory?
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functionalist theory
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The generally held primary objection to Affirmative Action is
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the use of quotas
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Understanding race and ethnicity as social constructions is a significant contribution of _____.
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symbolic interaction theory
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Which of the following does not apply to all minority groups? experiencing prejudice and discrimination in society being smaller in number than the dominant group possessing characteristics generally considered different from the dominant group sharing a sense of group identity
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being smaller in number than the dominant group
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Which of the following is the best example of institutional discrimination? A landlord who will never rent to anyone who has dark skin. Airport security procedures that specify people who appear to be Middle Eastern should be scrutinized more closely than others. Dr. Jones, a professor, claiming she doesn't even notice the color of her students' skin. A waiter refusing to serve a Black man who sits in his section.
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Airport security procedures that specify people who appear to be Middle Eastern should be scrutinized more closely than others.
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Which of these countries has the largest population of Jews? Russia the U.S. Poland Israel
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The US
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While prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is _____.
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overt behavior
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A significant difference between the functionalist and conflict theory perspectives on gender is that
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conflict theory is more likely than functionalism to explore issues of race and social class as they relate to gender.
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Comparative research finds that women are more nearly equal to men in societies where
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women have access to education
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Even when husbands and wives are both employed outside of the home, the bulk of the domestic responsibilities fall on women. The sociological term for this is ______.
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the second shift
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Evidence that gender is socially constructed includes
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the different gender roles found in different countries
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From a ______ perspective, men have historically had the power to benefit from women's labor and devalue women's work.
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conflict
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Gender identity has a strong impact on how one feels about one's appearance. Studies of gender identity and body image have found that
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by early adolescence girls have lower self-esteem than boys do, due to concerns about their appearance.
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Gender socialization
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influences all aspects of society and daily life
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In biological terms, the combination of an X and a Y chromosome establishes a person's sex as _____.
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male
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In practice, sexual harassment in the workplace
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is an example of overt discrimination
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In what way is the gender socialization of African American and White women alike?
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both are encouraged to be nurturing and other-oriented
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One's definition of oneself as a woman or a man is termed one's _____.
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gender identity
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Researchers on the influence of television has found that
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both boys and girls rate aggressive toys seen in commercials as desirable.
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When an individual is born with both male and female biological sex characteristics, this is referred to as _____.
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intersexed
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The process of learning the expectations for behavior associated with each sex is called _____.
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gender socialization
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Which of these statements about the status of women worldwide is true? Although there have been few female heads of state, women's representation in parliaments worldwide has reach almost 50 percent. The global division of labor is gendered, with women providing cheap labor for manufacturing. Across the board, women's status is higher in Western than in non-Western countries. Recent trends toward the greater employment of women outside of the home has resulted in a decrease in the rates of violence against women globally.
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The global division of labor is gendered, with women providing cheap labor for manufacturing.
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Which of these statements regarding social and physical differences between men and women is true? Biological makeup is more important than social influences in creating differences between men and women. All perceived differences between men and women are natural and biological. For any given trait there is as much or more difference within a given gender group as between groups. Gender differences are the same in every culture.
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For any given trait there is as much or more difference within a given gender group as between groups.
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Which of these theories explains wage inequality between men and women using the individual characteristics of workers? human capital theory neither human capital theory or dual labor market theory dual labor market theory both human capital theory and dual labor market theory
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human capital theory
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Which type of feminism is most concerned with the interrelationship of race, class and gender? multiracial feminism "doing gender" gendered institutions socialist feminism
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multiracial feminism
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About _____ percent of the U.S. public think that abortion should be legal in any circumstance.
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24
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According to conflict theory, sexual norms are:
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frequently contested
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According to functionalism, sexual identity is:
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learned in the family
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According to _____ theory, the call for a return to "family values" produces the uniformity in values necessary for social order.
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functionalist
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A common stereotype for Asian American women is being _____.
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compliant and submissive
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A person's sexual identity
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may change at some point through out his or her lifetime
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Both functionalism and conflict theory
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understand sexuality in terms of the overall organization of society.
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From a symbolic interactionist perspective
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social approval and taboos influence what is considered permissible.
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_____ gives legitimacy to heterosexual behavior, but not homosexual behavior, in order to maintain complementary roles and the ideal of the nuclear family.
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functionalism
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In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that:
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private sexual relations are a constitutional liberty.
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In regards to pornography in the U.S., sociologists note that
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pornography has come to permeate the culture.
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Sexual behavior is not uniform among all societies. There is evidence that:
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sexual behaviors vary by social context
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Sexual coercion or rape is primarily a consequence of
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power and dominance resulting from inequality.
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Sociologists have linked the international sex trade to all of the following, except:
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capitalism
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The idea that different standards for sexual behavior apply to men and women is called the _____.
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double standard
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The social construction of sexual identities is explained by _____.
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symbolic interaction theory
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Which of the following statement is true of sexual values and attitudes in American society? The age at which young people are having sex has been increasing over the past two decades. Fewer people are having sex before marriage than in the past. People have more sexual partners over a lifetime than in the past. There is greater tolerance of casual sex today than ever before.
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People have more sexual partners over a lifetime than in the past.
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