Chapter 12: Social Psychology Test Questions – Flashcards

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How people use thoughts, emotions and behaviors to interact with each other
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Social psychology is the study of:
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Two people
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The study of social behavior requires:
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Run counter to other single-person phenomena in psychology
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Sometimes the rules of social psychology:
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Everything in psychology
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Social psychology draws on:
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Attitudes
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Predispositions or tendencies to act are called:
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Classical conditioning
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Attitudes may be determined by:
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Classical conditioning
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When you are annoyed with telephone solicitors because they generally call your home during dinnertime, your anger is produced through:
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Operant conditioning
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Some forms of social behavior may be developed through ____ if they were shaped through social rewards and punishments.
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Modeling
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Some forms of social behavior may be developed through ____ if they were learned through watching the people who reared us.
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Viewpoint
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Which of the following is NOT a relevant aspect of attitudes?
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Cognitions
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Which of the following is a relevant aspect of attitudes?
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Feelings
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Which of the following is a relevant aspect of attitudes?
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Behaviors
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Which of the following is a relevant aspect of attitudes?
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Cognitions
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They way you think about steak as a food item is part of your attitudinal:
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Feelings
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Your emotional history with steak as a food item is part of your attitudinal:
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Behaviors
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Whether you would eat steak everyday or not even if you were starving to death is related to your attitudinal:
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Cognitive dissonance
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When an attitude and behavior are not in agreement we may develop:
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Cognitive dissonance
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An unpleasant emotional state that is elicited when our behavior does not match our attitudes is called:
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Schema
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A set of beliefs about other people based on our experience with them is called:
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FALSE
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Schemas may only be formed though direct experience.
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TRUE
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Schemas may be formed through prejudicial second-hand learning.
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Impression formation
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Meeting a person sets up a(n) ____ for us.
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Primacy effect
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The theory that early information about someone carries more weight than later information is called:
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TRUE
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Asch's primacy effect suggests that first impressions carry more weight than later impressions.
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TRUE
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If you are first told positive traits about someone followed by negative traits, you will have a higher impression of that person than if you first heard the negative traits and then the positive traits.
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Stereotype
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The set of characteristics that one believes is shared by all members of a particular social group is called a(n):
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TRUE
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Stereotypes are partly derived from our attempt to simplify complex situations.
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TRUE
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Stereotyping people that can quote the bible as "people who attend church regularly" only leads to inaccuracies when you come across people that can quote the bible well but do not attend church.
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FALSE
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Stereotyping has no social value whatsoever.
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TRUE
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Stereotyping is conceptually related to the process of generalization from the learning/conditioning chapter.
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TRUE
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Stereotypes sometimes have a kernel of truth in them.
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TRUE
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Some stereotypes do NOT have a kernel of truth in them.
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Kernel of truth
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If a stereotype has a small amount of truth to it then it has a:
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Attribution theory
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The theory of how people understand the actions of others is referred to as:
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TRUE
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The manner in which we attribute causes to others behaviors has a strong influence on how we treat them.
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TRUE
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When we attribute external reasons to others problems we will be more likely to express sympathy.
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FALSE
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When we attribute internal reasons to others problems we will be more likely to express sympathy.
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TRUE
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When we attribute external reasons to others problems we will be less likely to express sympathy.
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TRUE
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When we attribute internal reasons to others problems we will be less likely to express sympathy.
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
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When a teacher believes that one of his students is especially smart he may unconsciously help develop that child's skill levels until they excel in the classroom.
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All of the above ( Higher grades, More student effort, Higher student interest )
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Positive expectations on the part of teachers often lead to:
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All of the above (Lower grades, Less student effort, Less student interest )
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Negative expectations on the part of teachers often lead to:
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Fundamental attribution error
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Overestimating the internal causes for someone else's behavior while underestimating external causes is called (the):
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Self-serving bias
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The tendency to assign internal causes for successes and external causes for failures when referring to yourself is called (the):
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Reasons outside their ability to control
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When someone fails an exam it is most likely that they will attribute the cause of the failure to:
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TRUE
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If your classmate gets an "F" on an exam, then your attribution for the cause of that grade will influence how you think about and interact with your classmate.
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B, C & D ( Their high intelligence, The fact that they like studying, The fact that they are interested in the course topic)
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When someone passes an exam with a high grade it is most likely that they will attribute the cause of their success to:
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Their spouse's behavior
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When a person is getting divorced it is likely that they will attribute the cause of the divorce to:
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See their own role in the relationship problems
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During a divorce each party is likely blaming the other for the problems in the relationship. A marriage counselor will intervene by likely helping each party:
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C & D (Their lack of insight into their own behavior, Their psychological weaknesses)
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When your friends are divorcing you may attribute their relationship problems to:
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A, B & C (They are lucky, They know how to pick "good numbers", They deserve the money)
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The next person to win a multimillion dollar Florida lottery is likely to believe:
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A & B (Your friend's positive twist of fate, Some sort of psychological problem with the beautiful friend)
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When your average looking friend is in a long term committed relationship with one of the most beautiful people you have ever seen in your life, you are likely to attribute that to:
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A fortunate accident for your friend
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When your classmate shows you an "A" they received on a difficult exam which you know they did not study for, you are likely to attribute that to:
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Defensive attribution
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Not attributing someone else's inappropriate behavior to external causes because you want to avoid believing that you might act in the same way one day is called:
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Defensive attribution
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When you blame your friend for getting into an argument with a bartender who appears never able to take your order is called:
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Defensive attribution
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When you drive past and see an accident on the side of the road you attribute the accident to both driver's stupidity is called:
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Defensive attribution
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When you realize that the day before a hurricane many drivers are getting into fender-bender accidents and you attribute that to their inability to control their anxiety is called:
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Belief in a just world
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The social bias that good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people is called:
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Belief in a just world
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When you find out that a captured bank robber has also been indicted on previous bank robberies in five other states and will probably get a thirty year prison sentence, you feel like everything has worked out for the best.
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Belief in a just world
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You find out that the foreign child you were supporting through a social agency has just graduated from trade school and is now supporting his family with his new job. You now feel that everything has worked out the way it should.
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Social norms
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Expectations regarding how we should act in public are called:
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Social norms
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If you are holding a door for someone, it is customary to hold the door until they are completely through the doorway and not let the door bump into them.
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Social norms
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Students should not let their cell phones ring during lectures.
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Social roles
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The behavior most people expect to see from you given your social status is called:
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Social roles
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The fact that you curse in front of your friends but never in front of your grandparents is part of your expected:
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Inter-role conflict
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When you are a register operator at a shopping mall and your friends come in and expect you to discount their purchases just because you know each other is called:
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Inter-role conflict
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When the romance you share with your friend cannot be expressed in your parent's house it is called:
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Inter-role conflict
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When the lack of romance you have in a long term relationship is highlighted once a new person starts giving you extra attention.
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Intra-role conflict
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The uncomfortable feeling that your police officer uncle has when he arrests you for a DUI is called:
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Intra-role conflict
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The uncomfortable feeling that a parent has when they have to punish their child for misbehaving during an otherwise super vacation is called:
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Intra-role conflict
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The sadness a father/soldier may feel while handing out the last packet of food rations to the members of a devastated town while small children look on with nothing in their hands.
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Information conformity effect
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When you conform to the group because it appears that the others know better than you do it is called:
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Information conformity effect
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When you start a new job and just go along with everyone else's opinions because you have not been there long enough to form your own opinions about how the work should be completed.
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Normative conformity effect
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If you have conservative political beliefs but go along with your coworkers liberal political beliefs just to avoid any troubles.
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Normative conformity effect
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Going to the salsa dance club in Miami that you hate just so you can hang out with your friends who happen to like salsa dancing is called:
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Compliance
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When you change your behavior due to a direct request it is called:
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Compliance
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When you clean the bathrooms because your supervisor told you to it is called:
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Lowball procedure
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A compliance strategy which starts off by making small, easily accepted requests, and then slowly builds up to larger requests.
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Lowball procedure
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Your supervisor at work wants you to take on the most difficult unwanted chore in the organization so she begins giving you small chores that build up to the bigger one while congratulating your work ethic the whole time.
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Door in the face effect
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A compliance strategy which initially applies large difficult requests with the expectation that smaller requests will be more easily accepted.
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Foot in the door effect
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A compliance strategy which is a variation of the lowball procedure
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Obedience
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Accepting a demand from someone in authority is called:
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Proximity
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A physical nearness to someone which bears strongly on the likelihood that you will befriend that individual.
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Complementarity of needs
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In a relationship when each person's needs and wants are met by the other person.
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Reciprocity of attraction
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When we like someone because they like us.
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Gain/loss theory
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The theory that a relationship is partly controlled by the rewards we obtain in it and the changing level of rewards over time.
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Halo effect
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When you assume that an attractive person also has positive personality characteristics it is called the:
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Matching hypothesis
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The empirical finding that people tend to pair up romantically with others of equal attractiveness is called:
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Altruism
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Helping others in a manner in which there is little personal gain.
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Norm of social responsibility
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A shared expectation that we should help others in need is called:
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Norm of reciprocity
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The assumption that if you help someone now you may receive help when you need it in the future is called:
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Cost-reward approach
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Helping others only when you believe that an obtained reward will be greater than the cost involved is called:
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Norm of involvement
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By avoiding involvement in a problem you may avoid some troubles that you currently do not have.
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Bystander effect
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The empirical finding that the number of available people is negative correlated with the likelihood that anyone will help in an emergency.
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Bystander effect
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The theoretical reason for why people on a crowded city street walk past others sleeping on the sidewalk is called:
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Diffusion of responsibility
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When you feel less responsible for your own behavior as a result of many other people being present.
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Pluralistic ignorance
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When you avoid helping others in a situation until someone else acts first.
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Frustration-aggression hypothesis
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The theory that all aggression stems from frustration is called:
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Environmental variables of aggression
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Social factors which drive a person to exhibit aggressive behavior.
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Deindividuation
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A cognitive state of being less aware of your own behavior which results in less mental checks against acting irresponsibly is called:
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Just-World Phenomenon
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The personal idea that "you get what you deserve."
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Mere Exposure Effect
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When you begin to like someone's company just because you work near that person it is called:
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Scapegoat Theory
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Gender bias exists because it gives you someone to blame for your own problems.
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Informational Social Influence
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Television media is related to:
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How people explain others' behavior.
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Attribution theory was designed to account for:
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a dispositional attribution.
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Sharon insists that her father's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident shows a:
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situational influences; personal dispositions
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The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others.
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foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
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The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by the:
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the foot-in-the-door phenomenon.
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When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid, you agree. When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products, you make the purchase. The salesperson appears to have made effective use of:
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role-playing
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After he obtained the executive banking job he always wanted, Matthew developed very strong conservative political ideas. This best illustrates the impact of:
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cognitive dissonance.
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The discomfort we feel when our thoughts and behaviors are inconsistent is called:
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cognitive dissonance theory
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Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes?
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even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect.
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Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment regarding the lengths of lines:
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the other committee members are unanimous in their opinion.
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CEO and President Tonya Jones is most likely to vote in favor of a bad business plan if:
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nonconformity.
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A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage:
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the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted.
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Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because:
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