Ch 13 – Medical Terminology for Health Professions – Flashcards
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glyc/o
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"glucose, sugar."
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gonad/o
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gonad, sex glands.
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-ism
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condition, state of.
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pancreat/o
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pancreas.
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parathyroid/o
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parathyroid glands.
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pineal/o
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pineal gland.
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pituitar/o
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pituitary gland.
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poly-
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many.
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somat/o
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body.
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thym/o
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"thymus gland, soul."
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thyr/o, thyroid/o
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thyroid gland.
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acromegaly
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abnormal enlargement of the extremeties caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
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Addison's disease
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occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone
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adrenalitis
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inflammation of the adrenal glands
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aldosteronism
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an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone
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antidiuretic hormone
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helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted
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calcitonin
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works with the parathyroid hormone to regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues
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Conn's syndrome
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a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone
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cortisol
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"regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body"
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cretinism
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a congenital form of hypothyroidism
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Cushing's syndrome
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caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
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diabetes insipidus
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insufficient production or utilization of the antidiuretic hormone
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diabetes mellitus
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metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both
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diabetic retinopathy
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"occurs when diabetes damages blood vessels in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment"
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electrolytes
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mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium, that are normally found in the blood
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epinephrine
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stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, it makes the heart beat faster and the liver release glucose; a vasoconstrictor to treat heart dysrhythmias and asthma attacks. Also known as adrenaline
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estrogen
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develops and maintains the female secondary sex characteristics and regulates the menstrual cycle
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exophthalmos
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an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
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follicle-stimulating hormone
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stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova; stimulates the production of sperm
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fructosamine test
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measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks
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gestational diabetes mellitus
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diabetes that develops during pregnancy and that usually resolves after pregnancy
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gigantism
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excessive largeness of stature
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glucagon
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"secreted by the pancreas, increases blood sugar by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver"
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glucose
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"Sugar, Manufactured during photosynthesis"
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Graves' disease
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an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism and is characterized by goiter and/or exophthalmos
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growth hormone
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"regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues."
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gynecomastia
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the condition of excessive mammary development in the male
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Hashimoto's disease/thyroiditis
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an autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
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hypercalcemia
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abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones
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hyperglycemia
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an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
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hyperinsulinism
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the condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream
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hyperpituitarism
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pathology resulting in the excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of the ituitary gland
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hyperthyroidism
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an imbalance of metabolism caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormones
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hypoglycemia
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an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood
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hypothyroidism
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caused by a deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as an underactive thyroid
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insulin
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regulates the transport of glucose to body cells and stimulates the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen for storage
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insulinoma
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a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin
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interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
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stimulates ovulation in the female; stimulates the secretion of testosterone in the male
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laparoscopic adrenalectomy
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a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands
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leptin
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a hormone secreted by adipocytes (fat cells)
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luteinizing hormone
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"in the female, stimulates ovulation; in the male, stimulates testosterone secretion"
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myxedema
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caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as adult hypothyroidism
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norepinephrine
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both a hormone and neurohormone; stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, raises blood pressure, stregnthens the heartbeat and stimulates muscle contractions
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oxytocin
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stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth, causes milk to flow from the mammary glands
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pancreatitis
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an inflammation of the pancreas
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parathyroidectomy
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the surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands
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pituitary adenoma
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a slow-growing benign tumor of the pituitary gland;
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polydipsia
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excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction)
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polyphagia
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excessive hunger; increased appetite
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polyuria
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renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine
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prediabetes
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the state in which some but not all of the diagnostic criteria for diabetes are met
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progesterone
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"targets uterus. stimulates menstrual cycle, pregnancy"
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prolactinoma
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a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin
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puberty
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the condition of first being capable of reproducing sexually
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radioactive iodine treatment
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the administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells
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steroids
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hormone-like substances secreted by endocrine glands or artificially produced to relieve swelling and inflammation
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testosterone
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"secreted by the testicles, stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics"
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thymectomy
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the surgical removal of the thymus gland
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thymitis
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an inflammation of the thymus gland
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thymosin
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stimulates the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells of the immune system
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thyroxine
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hormone produced by the thyroid gland that increases metabolism and regulates growth
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