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progressivism

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The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.

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social gospel

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the idea that churches should address social issues, predicting that socialism would be the logical outcome of Christianity. focused on doing the things jesus taught

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the theory of the leisure class

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Book by Thorstein Veblen, which stated that the rich only engaged in wasteful business, not industry that was helpful to society

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settlement house movement

answer

a reformist social movement, beginning in the 1880s and peaking around the 1920s in England and the US, with a goal of getting the rich and poor in society to live more closely together in an interdependent community. Its main object was the establishment of "settlement houses" in poor urban areas, in which volunteer middle-class "settlement workers" would live, hoping to share knowledge and culture with, and alleviate the poverty of their low-income neighbors.

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jane addams

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1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom.

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hull house

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Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty. created by addams

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john dewey

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United States pragmatic philosopher who advocated progressive education (1859-1952), He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard."

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mcclure's and collier's

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Several magazines that were dubbed 10 and 15 cent magazines that utilized muckrakers to expose the evils of the American life.

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muckrakers

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This term applies to newspaper reporters and other writers who pointed out the social problems of the era of big business. The term was first given to them by Theodore Roosevelt.

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shame of the cities

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Lincoln Steffens wrote this and exposed the corrupt relationships between big business and local governments

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history of the standard oil company

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(1904) Book written by muckraker Ida Tarbell as an expose of the Standard Oil Company. This book led to Stand Oil between dismantled by the Supreme Court in 1911

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municipal reform

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A reform introduced by Republican Mayor Samuel M. Jones that included free kindergartens, night schools, and public playgrounds., Changes in city governments made to encourage greater efficiency, honesty, and responsiveness residents, particularly middle-class businessmen, organized against the corruption and inefficiency that they thought plagued their cities. This movement was particularly strong in cities controlled by political machines, the undemocratic and corrupt arrangements through which bosses could profit by controlling city governments.. The greatest era of municipal reform came in the late 1800s and early 1900s. City

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electoral reform

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Agreed in 1990s under popular pressure. Aimed to end vote fraud. Create IFE, independent of government and PRI. Responsible for organizing elections, providing access to media, allocating public funds for campaigns, training people how to run polling stations and count votes. 16,000 assistants charged to resolve complaints. National and international observers. Public receives results at same time as authorities

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initiative

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Procedure whereby a certain number of voters may, by petition, propose a law or constitutional amendment and have it submitted to the voters

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referendum

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The name given to the political process in which the general public votes on an issue of public concern.

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recall

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the act of removing an official by petition

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corporate consolidation

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a wave of corporate mergers swept over the 1920s economy, spread of Oligopoly by Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler

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Principles of Scientific Management

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(1911) This book, championing its name sake philosophy, also referred to as Taylorism, sought to reduce waste and inefficiency in production by measuring every movement and regulating every step of the work process. It was written by Frederick Taylor.

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Governor Robert La Follette

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(Rep., WI) A founder of the Progressive movement, "Fighting Bob" would not compromise to certain principles. In the 1890's, he even made a weekly magazine in order to spread the ideas of Progressivism. He ran for president under the populist party but lost., Was the governor of Wisconsin. While governor, he taxed the rich higher and set fair freight rates on railroads. He modernized state government with the "Wisconsin Idea".

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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

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a fire in New York's Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911 killed 146 people, mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground. Dramatized the poor working conditions and let to federal regulations to protect workers.

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Frederick Law Olmsted

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designed New York's central Park in 1858. He viewed city parks as much more than recreational centers and he sought to create oases of culture that would promote social stability and cohesion. Due to the congestion and disease associated with city life many people participated in outdoor recreation to improve health

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Daniel Burnham

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CHICAGO, began 1906. A leading architect and city planner, produced a magnificent plan for redesigning Chicago and the World's Fair

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The American Social Hygiene Association

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Founded in 1914. Published the Journal of Social Hygiene. Taught sex education by focusing on the dangers of extramarital sex.

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Mann Act

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1910, gave the interstate comerce commission the power to suspend new railroad rates, along with oversee telephone and cable companie; included communications

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Anti-Saloon League

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U.S. organization working for prohibition of the sale of alcoholic liquors. Founded in 1893 as the Ohio Anti-Saloon League at Oberlin, Ohio, by representatives of temperance societies and evangelical Protestant churches, it came to wield great political influence.

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Narcotics Act of 1914

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A United States federal law that regulated and taxed the production, importation, and distribution of opiates. The act was proposed by Representative Francis Burton Harrison of New York and was approved on December 17, 1914.

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Eugenics movement

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While nearly all progressives agreed that immigrants caused problems, some wanted to help them assimilate while others wanted to limit the flow of immigration. The Eugenics movement was an effort to grade races and ethnic groups based on their genetic qualities. The sterilized those who were undesireable for reproduction and believed human inequalities were hereditary and immigration was contributing to the number of unfit people.

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The Passing of the Great Race

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1916 book by Madison Grant that argued that the great race of the Nordics of northern Europe was threatened by the Slavic and Latin people of eastern and southern Europe, outlining a pseudo scientific racism that bolstered postwar nativist sentiments and anti-immigration groups.

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Jim Crow Laws

answer

The "separate but equal" segregation laws state and local laws enacted in the Southern and border states of the United States and enforced between 1876 and 1965

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lynchings

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The practice of an angry mob hanging a percieved criminal without regard to due process. In the South, blacks who did not behave as the inferiors to whites might be lynched by white mobs.

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Booker T. Washington

answer

Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. His book "Up from Slavery."

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The Souls of Black Folk

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WEB DuBois 1903 - blacks should not be treated badly, they should be aggressive rise up for equality

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Niagara Movement

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in 1905 Dubois started this movement at Niagara Falls, and four years later joined with white progressives sympathetic to their cause to form NAACP, the new organization later led to the drive for equal rights.

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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Founded by W.E.B. Du Bois, it emerged out of the Niagara Movement in 1909. It worked for equal rights for all Americans, but it failed to achieve lasting civil rights legislation during the early 1990s.

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National American Woman Suffrage Association

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Founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony to secure the vote for women.

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Alice Paul's Women's Party

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This group was founded in 1916 and it worked to further fight for women's rights even after the Ninteenth Amendment. The leader believed that women needed a clear amendment in the Constitution that fully outlined exactly what women had the rights to.

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Margaret Sanger

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American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900's. As a nurse in the poor sections of New York City, she had seen the suffering caused by unwanted pregnancy. Founded the first birth control clinic in the U.S. and the American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood.

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American Birth Control League

answer

now called planned parenthood was organized in 1942, organized boycotts, hunger strikes, and picketed white horse

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Danbury Hatters case

answer

decided in 1908 by the U.S. Supreme Court. In 1902 the hatters' union instituted a nationwide boycott of the products of a nonunion hat manufacturer in Danbury, Conn., and the manufacturer brought suit against the union for unlawfully combining to restrain trade in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The Supreme Court held that the union was subject to an injunction and liable for the payment of treble damages. This precedent for federal court interference with labor activities was later modified by statutes.

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Industrial Workers of the World

answer

Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.

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Big Bill Hayward

answer

Utah resident who opened the Wobblies' Convention in Chicago in 1905. He announced that this was the Continental Congress of the Working Class. The Wobblies' goal is to create one BIG union whose power will be enormous. If everyone belongs to one big union, when they go on strike, all production would stop.

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Socialist Party of America

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This political party formed in 1901 with a strong representation from immigrants and provided a political outlet for worker grievances, but fared poorly beyond a few local elections in industrial areas.

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Eugene Debs

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Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over.

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Leon Czolgosz

answer

killed president McKinley in 1901. He was an anarchist, one who believes in the absence of government.

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Mark Hanna

answer

An industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. The campaign manager of McKinley in the 1896, in what is considered the forerunner of the modern political campaign, and subsequently became one of the most powerful members of the U.S. Senate.

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William Howard Taft

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27th president of the U.S.; he angered progressives by moving cautiously toward reforms and by supporting the Payne-Aldrich Tariff; he lost Roosevelt's support and was defeated for a second term.

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United MIne Workers Union Strike

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MIne workers strike 1902

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trust-busting

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government activities seeking to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies (especially under the United States antitrust laws). Most famous trust buster = roosevelt, WH Taft was even bigger

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square deal

answer

President Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal opportinity to succeed

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hepburn act 1906

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Proposal for railroad regulation enacted in 1906 that extended the authority of the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) and gave it the power to set maximum freight rates and look at financial records of railroads

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the jungle

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This 1906 work by Upton Sinclair pointed out the abuses of the meat packing industry. The book led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act. Meant to expose poor working conditions in industry

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Pure food and drug act (1906)

answer

law that regulated the food and patent medicine industries; some business leaders called it socialistic meddling by the government.

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Meat inspection act (1906)

answer

A United States federal law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption. Unlike previous laws ordering meat inspections which were enforced to assure European nations from banning pork trade, the law was strongly motivated to protect the American diet. All labels on any type of food had to be 100 percent accurate. Although all harmful food wasn't banned, there were still warnings provided on the container. The law was partly a response to the publication of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, an expose of the Chicago meat packing industry, as well as to other Progressive Era muckraking publications of the day.

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Brownsville incident

answer

the accusation of 12 members of the black 25th infantry of a shooting spree in Brownsville, TX that killed 1 man & wounded a cop; no one member took responsibility for the shooting; all were dishonorably discharged; years later, it was determined that they had been falsely accused

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John Muir

answer

founded Sierra Club in 1892; fought unsuccessfully to prevent the damming of the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park. One of the biggest American conservationists

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sierra club

answer

oldest and largest grassroots environmental organization in the United States. It was founded on May 28, 1892 in San Francisco, California by the well-known conservationist and preservationist John Muir, who became its first president. The Sierra Club has hundreds of thousands of members in chapters located throughout the US, and is affiliated with Sierra Club Canada.

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gifford pinchot

answer

head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them

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US Forest Service

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Established in 1905 (Headed by conservationist Gifford Pinchot) added nearly 150 million acres of national forests, controlled their use, and regulated their harvest

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National Reclamation Act

answer

(Newlands Act) Roosevelt backed this act which provided federal funds for the construction of dams, reservoirs, and canals in the West, projects that would open new lands for cultivation and, years later, provide cheap electric power.

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National Park Service

answer

Agency that manages all national parks, national monuments and other conservational and historical places.

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Mann-Elkins Act

answer

Passed in 1910, it empowered the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) for the first time to initiate rate changes, extend regulation to telephone and telegraph companies and set up a Commerce Court to expedite appeals from the ICC rulings

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Republican "Insurgents"

answer

mad at Taft for 17th amendment, support of women's suffrage, handling of Ballinger-Pinchot affair, refusal to enforce anti-trust acts; progressive repubs

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Payne-Aldrich Tariff

answer

Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs. This split the Repulican party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff).

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Ballinger-Pinchot affair

answer

Affair where Ballinger opened public lands in Wyoming, Montana, and Alaska to corporate development and was criticized by Pinchot. Prompted Rooseveltians to protests, splitting Taft and Roosevelt, and the party.

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Roosevelt's "New Nationalism"

answer

A plan that called for a strong executive, more business regulation, and more social welfare measures. Supported by the Progressive party, who nominated TR in 1912

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Woodrow Wilson

answer

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

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Wilson's "New Freedom"

answer

Wilson's hope to restore free competition among American corporations. He persuaded Congress to pass the Federal Trade Commission in 1914,which could investigate companies. He also signed the Clayton Anti-Trust Act, which stopped competition-limiting business practices. Under him, the Federal Reserve Act was also past to regulate banking.

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Underwood-Simmons Tariff

answer

1913, lowered tariff, substantially reduced import fees. Lost tax revenue would be replaced with an income tax that was implemented with the 16th amendment.

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Federal Reserve Act

answer

Sparked by the Panic of 1893 and 1907, the 1913 Federal Reserve Act created the Federal Reserve System, which issued paper money controlled by government banks.

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Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

answer

a federal agency empowered to prevent persons or corporations from using unfair methods of competition in commerce

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Clayton Antitrust Act

answer

Corrected the problems of the Sherman Antitrust Act; outlawed certain practices that restricted competition; unions on strike could no longer be considered violating the antitrust acts

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Keating-Owen Act

answer

supported by Wilson in 1916, prohibited shipment across state lines of goods produced by underage children, thus giving an expanded importance to the constitutional clause assigning Congress the task of regulating Interstate Commerce. Unfortunately, Congress struck down the act, and a new law attempted to achieve the same goal by imposing a heavy tax on the products of Child Labor.

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Muller v. Oregon

answer

(1908) a landmark decision in United States Supreme Court history, as it relates to both sex discrimination and labor laws. The case upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health.

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Sixteenth Amendment (1913)

answer

Constitutional amendment authorizing the federal government to establish an income tax.

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Seventeenth Amendment (1913)

answer

Progressive reform from 1913 that required U.S. senators to be elected directly by voters; previously, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand

answer

Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.

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Black hand

answer

the Serbian terrorist group that planned to assassinate Franz Ferdinand, part of the Pan-Slavism nationalist movement, with the intention of uniting all of the territories containing South Slav populations (Serbs, Croats, Macedonians, Slovenes, etc) annexed by Austria-Hungary.

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Allied forces

answer

Name used by countries fighting the Central Powers; major members were Britain, France, Russia, and Italy; also later in the war, the United States and Japan

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Central Powers

answer

in World War I the alliance of Germany, the Ottoman empire, and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies

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Kaiser Wilhelm II

answer

was the Kaiser of Germany at the time of the First World War reigning from 1888-1918. He pushed for a more aggressive foreign policy by means of colonies and a strong navy to compete with Britain. His actions added to the growing tensions in pre-1914 Europe.

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Trench warfare

answer

Fighting with trenches, mines, and barbed wire. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, no gains, stalemate, used in WWI.

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Western front

answer

A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other.

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German U-boats

answer

German submarines in WWI and WII which were most effective during naval blockade against enemy shipping, primary targets were from Canada, British empire and the US to Great Britain

question

Sinking of the Lusitania

answer

The Germans had posted warnings in the newspaper, but the USA believed that citizens should be able to travel. The Lusitania was a British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The unrestricted submarine warfare caused the U.S. to become angry, one of the reasons they enter World War I against the Germans.

question

Election of 1916

answer

Hughes, Wilson, issues: Wilson ran for reelection for the Democrats on the call that he had kept the United States out of the war. Charles Evans Hughes was the Republican candidate who attacked the inefficiency of the Democratic Party. Wilson won the election, so was able to continue his idealistic policies.

question

Zimmerman telegram

answer

March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's promixity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico.

question

Selective Service Act

answer

This May, 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. Age limit was later changed to 18 to 45.

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American Expeditionary Force

answer

About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing. Included the regular army, the National Guard, and the new larger force of volunteers and draftees and they served as individuals

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War Industries Board

answer

This government agency oversaw the production of all American factories. It determined priorities, allocated raw materials, and fixed prices; it told manufacturers what they could and could not produce.

question

Bernard Baruch

answer

He headed the War Industries Board which placed the control of industries into the hands of the federal government. It was a prime example of War Socialism.

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War Labor Board

answer

(WLB) settled disputes between business and labor without strikes so that production would not be interrupted and morale would be high

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Fuel Administration

answer

Like the Food Administration, the Fuel Administration encouraged Americans to save fuel with "heatless Mondays" and "gasless Sundays." The actions helped create a sum of $21 billion to pay for the war.

question

Food Administration

answer

This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and ration food for the military.

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Herbert Hoover

answer

Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community.

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Railroad Administration

answer

the name of the nationalized railroad system of the United States between 1917 and 1920. It was possibly the largest American experiment with nationalization, and was undertaken against a background of war emergency.

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Bolshevik (Russian) Revolution (1917)

answer

-led by Vladimir Lenin -Bolsheviks overthrew the czar and seized power in Russia -(Bolsheviks = majority)

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Vladimir Lenin

answer

Founder of the Russian Communist Party, this man led the November Revolution in 1917 which established a revolutionary soviet government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers., Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)

question

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

answer

treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in WWI

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General John Pershing

answer

led the American Expeditionary Force; urged that the AEF operate as an independent fighting force, under American command; was made General of the Armies of the United States, which is the highest rank given to an officer

question

doughboys

answer

A nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI

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Somme offensive

answer

allied attempt to break deadlock of trenches. bomb german lines for a week. gain 7 miles

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Marne offensive

answer

-May, 1918 -along the Aisne River -Germans broke through the Marne and faced a nearly open route to Paris (50 miles away) -As French government prepared for evacuation, American forces arrived in strength -parts of 3 U.S. divisions and a marine brigade helped stop the Germans

question

Liberty bonds

answer

Special war bond sold by the government to support the Allied cause during World War I

question

Committee on Public Information

answer

It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.

question

Espionage Act (1917)

answer

United States federal law passed shortly after entering World War I, on June 15, 1917, which made it a crime for a person to convey information with intent to interfere with the operation or success of the armed forces of the United States or to promote the success of its enemies. The legislation was passed at the urging of President Woodrow Wilson, who feared any widespread dissent in time of war, thinking that it constituted a real threat to an American victory.

question

Sedition Act (1918)

answer

added to Espionage Act to cover "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces.

question

Postmaster General Albert Burleson

answer

Postmaster general who accepted with great relish the right to open and investigate all questionable mail.

question

Schenck v. United States

answer

A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils.

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Black migration

answer

2nd Migration after WWII. Much larger than the first one with greater consequences. African Americans "in search of better jobs, decent housing and greater social equality."

question

1918 influenza epidemic

answer

-killed 30 million people worldwide -555,000 Americans died -army camps and cities hit hard by flu -research lead to new vaccines and antibiotics

question

Wilson's Fourteen Points

answer

Presiden wilson's peace proposal in 1918 stressed national self-determination and the rights of the small countries. Freedom of the seas and free trade. Clemenceau said. "God only had ten.", 1918 President Woodrow Wilson's plan for organizing post World War I Europe and for avoding future wars.

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Versailles Peace Conference

answer

...

question

The "Big Three"

answer

The three men, Wilson, Clemenceau and Lloyd George, who really made the decisions at the Paris Peace Conference

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self-determination

answer

the freedom of a people to decide under what form of government they wish to live

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reparations

answer

payment for damages after a war

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British and French mandates

answer

Arab lands of the dissolved Ottoman Empire fell under the French (Lebanon and Syria) or British (Iraq and Palestine) "mandates," that is the League of Nations gave France and Britain permission to establish governments over the former German colonies.

question

Treaty of Versailles (1918)

answer

peace treaty that ended the state of war between Germany and Allied Powers. It took six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the treaty. One of the most controversial provisions required Germany to accept responsibility for causing the war and to disarm and make territorial concessions and pay heavy reparations. The Treaty was undermined by subsequent events starting as early as 1932 and was widely flouted by the mid-1930s. The compromise left none contented: Germany was not pacified or conciliated, nor permanently weakened.

question

White Army

answer

made up of different groups who supported the return of the czar; wanted democratic government; socialists who opposed Lenin's style of socialism; all against Bolsheviks

question

Russian Civil War

answer

1918-1920: conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies. Red vs. White Army.

question

Henry Cabot Lodge

answer

Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican who disagreed with the Versailles Treaty, and who was the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He mostly disagreed with the section that called for the League to protect a member who was being threatened.

question

Republican "Irreconcilables"

answer

people who were anti-League, nationalistic; feared entanglement in foreign affairs

question

Senate rejection of Treaty of Versailles

answer

wanted a treaty with reservations; power of League of Nations could make war without vote from US Congress; were afraid that excessive entanglement through League would propel them into war; Wilson had stroke in between signing, so it was never signed

question

race riots (1919-1920)

answer

-peaked in 1919-1920 -mobs in various parts of the country lynched 76 blacks in 1919 (victims included 10 veterans) -race riots in 25 different cities -chicago the bloodiest -influx of southern blacks in chicago 1919 had pushed racial tension to an ultimate high -at lake michigan, white threw stones at a black youth swimming offshore, causing him to sink and drown -black neighborhoods erupted in fury -13-days of white vs. blacks random attacks and arson -left 15 whites and 23 blacks dead, 500 injured, and more than a thousand (mostly black) families homeless

question

Red scare

answer

a period of general fear of communists, Most instense outbreak of national alarm, began in 1919. Success of communists in Russia, American radicals embracing communism followed by a series of mail bombings frightened Americans. Attorney General A. MItchell Palmer led effort to deport aliens without due processs, with widespread support

question

Seattle general strike

answer

35,000 shipyard workers walked off the job demanding higher wages and shorter hours.In the end, the workers returned to work but without any gains.

question

Boston police strike

answer

the most celebrated postwar labor dispute. September 1919 most of Boston's police force went on strike. Calvin Coolidge, this point a Massachusetts governor, mobilized the National Guard to keep order. Coolidge said "There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime" the policemen weren't allowed back into service, brought about the rise of Coolidge

question

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer

answer

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer encouraged the raids in the hope that they would advance his presidential ambitions . and Palmer used the espionage and sedition acts (1917, 1918) to attack political radicals, dissidents, and aliens in the "Red Scare" period following World War I. The government-led roundup of suspected communists became known as the "Palmer raids."

question

soviet ark

answer

Nickname given to ship used to deport radicals Emma Goldman and Alexander Berman

question

Emma Goldman

answer

United States anarchist (born in Russia) who opposed conscription

question

Palmer raids

answer

The Palmer Raids were a series of controversial raids by the U.S. Justice and Immigration Departments from 1919 to 1921 on suspected radical leftists in the United States. The raids are named for Alexander Mitchell Palmer, United States Attorney General under Woodrow Wilson.

question

Election of 1920

answer

Republican, Warren G. Harding, with V.P. running mate Coolidge, beat Democrat, Governor James Cox, with V.P. running mate, FDR. The issues were WW I, the post-war economy and the League of Nations.

question

James Cox/Franklin Delano Roosevelt

answer

He was the democrat nominee chosen to run for the presidency against Harding in the 1920 election. His vice-presidential running mate was Franklin Roosevelt.

question

Warren Harding

answer

29th president of the US; Republican; "Return to Normalcy" (life as it had been before WWI-peace, isolation); presidency was marred by scandal

question

Calvin Coolidge

answer

Became president when Harding died of pneumonia. He was known for practicing a rigid economy in money and words, and acquired the name "Silent Cal" for being so soft-spoken. He was a true republican and industrialist. Believed in the government supporting big business.

question

"return to normalcy"

answer

After World War I 1919-20s, when Harding was President, the US and Britain returned to isolatoinism. The US economy "boomed" but Europe continued to struggle. It was the calm before the bigger storm hit: World War II

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