question

What is Coptic Christianity?

answer

Distinctive early Christian tradition that established itself in Egypt

question

After the fall of Constantinople what city was declared the "third Rome" by some of its church leaders?

answer

Moscow

question

Which Germanic king overthrew the last Roman emperor in 476 C.E., bringing to its end the Roman Empire in the West?

answer

Odoacer

question

Which important feature of fifteenth-century European ships was developed in Europe?

answer

Cannon

question

Which sixth-century Byzantine emperor sought to reconquer the Mediterranean basin?

answer

Justinian

question

People from which European land crossed the Atlantic Ocean around the year 1000 C.E. to establish colonies?

answer

Scandinavia

question

Between 1000 and 1500 C.E. what development provided an important new source of energy for Western Europeans?

answer

Development of effective water mills

question

The ruler of this state claimed to be the "peer of the Apostles."

answer

Byzantine Empire

question

What is an important difference between the political histories of China and Europe in the third-wave era?

answer

Western Europe never regained the political unity it had established in the second-wave era.

question

Which region was most conservative in its use of ancient Greek learning between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

answer

Byzantium was the most conservative. -Byzantine scholars focused on preserving and transmitting the classical heritage rather than using it as a springboard for creating new knowledge.

question

What led to the decline of Christianity in China in the ninth century?

answer

The Chinese state turned against all religions of foreign origin. -In the mid-ninth century, the Chinese government turned against foreign religions, including Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam; in the face of government attacks, Christianity nearly vanished.

question

This prince converted to Orthodox Christianity after sending emissaries to bring reports of Judaism, Islam, and both Eastern and Western Christianity, finding the splendor of the Byzantine Church most convincing.

answer

Vladimir. -Tenth-century Vladimir of Kiev, according to early chronicles, sent emissaries to learn of different religions before opting for Orthodoxy; he also received a Byzantine princess as his bride.

question

Which of the following statements best describes the position of Western Europe in world history during the third-wave era?

answer

It was distinctly on the margins of world history. -Western Europe was geographically isolated and politically fragmented.

question

The logical approach and scientific temperament of this great Greek thinker made the deepest impression on medieval Western European thinkers between 1100 and 1300 C.E.

answer

Aristotle. -It was Aristotle's prolific writings that had the greatest impact on medieval Western European theologians and philosophers.

question

When did Arabic overtake Coptic as the language most used in Egypt?

answer

In the fourteenth century C.E. -Following the conversion of most rural Coptic Christians to Islam in the fourteenth century, Arabic grew in its prominence and use among the population of Egypt.

question

Which Kievan Rus prince was the first to adopt Orthodox Christianity?

answer

Vladimir. -This late-tenth-century prince chose Orthodox Christianity as the best for his kingdom.

question

What was feudalism?

answer

It was a political and social system in which power was largely in the hands of a landholding warrior elite who swore allegiance to greater lords or kings. -Feudalism is a system of decentralized political power with most power in the hands of a landholding warrior elite, who gave their allegiance and military service to more important lords in return for the land that they then controlled.

question

Which of the following was a practice of the Western Catholic Church but not of Eastern Orthodoxy?

answer

Western Christians believed the pope to be the supreme authority over the Church while Eastern Christians didn't. -By about the year 1000 C.E., Western Christians were united in seeing the pope as the final authority over the Church; it was over this issue above all that the Western and Eastern churches formally broke apart in 1054 C.E.

question

What attitude did the Mongols take toward Christianity in their empire?

answer

They welcomed Christians along with various other faiths. -The Mongols were religiously tolerant and welcomed Nestorian Christians in their empire.

question

What was the typical pattern for conversion to Christianity in early medieval Western Europe?

answer

It was a top-down strategy in which missionaries sought first to convert rulers. -Most often, missionaries in Western Europe tried first to convert rulers, so the rulers would then not only protect missionaries but also encourage their subjects to convert as well.

question

Which of the following did the Byzantine imperial court most closely reflect?

answer

Ancient Persia. -While they sought to imitate the awesome grandeur of God's heavenly court, the Byzantine court in fact resembled that of ancient Persia.

question

Who conquered Constantinople in 1453 C.E.?

answer

Ottoman Turks. -Conquest of Constantinople spelled the end of the Byzantine Empire.

question

What does the Chinese Buddhist establishment during Tang dynasty China and the Christian Church in Western Europe around 1000 C.E. have in common?

answer

Both became quite wealthy. -This resulted in criticism.

question

Which of the following statements best describes how Orthodox Christianity spread among the Rus?

answer

It was adopted freely, without coercion. -No military defeat or occupation.

question

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of Ethiopian Christianity?

answer

Fascination with Judaism and Jerusalem. -Believed their own king was a descendant of King Solomon.

question

How was Arian Christianity different from Orthodoxy?

answer

It held that Jesus was created by God the Father, and was not co-eternal with him. -Arius taught that Jesus was a lesser, divine figure, who had been created in time rather than existing eternally as God the Father.

question

Which of the following statements is true of Europe in about the year 1000 C.E.?

answer

Weather was in a long warming trend, leading to improved agricultural production. -European weather underwent a warming trend between about 750 and about 1200 C.E., leading to greatly improved agricultural production.

question

Into which region did the most significant and long-lasting expansion of Orthodox Christianity occur?

answer

Ukraine -Ukraine and western Russia were regions where a significant expansion of Orthodox Christianity occurred.

question

In Ethiopian tradition, who was the founding monarch of the kingdom?

answer

The son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba -Since Solomon figures in the line of descent to Jesus, it meant that Ethiopia's Christian rulers could legitimate their position by tracing their ancestry to Jesus himself.

question

What was a critical factor that made Byzantine political culture different from that of Western Europe?

answer

The Byzantine emperor's religious authority. -Unlike the West where the Roman Catholic Church maintained some degree of independence, in Byzantium the emperor was also head of the church.

question

Why did Jews view the site of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem as sacred?

answer

It was believed to be the site where Abraham prepared to offer his son Isaac as a sacrifice to God. -Abraham was also revered in the Islamic faith.

question

Which of the following statements best describes Christian Europe in the centuries after 1000 C.E.?

answer

Western European Christianity was growing in importance, while Eastern Orthodox Christendom declined. -The decline of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of Western states facilitated this shift.

question

During the Middle Ages, a group of people in the same line of work who associated together to regulate their trade was known as a

answer

guild.

question

Why did Emperor Justinian close the Plato's Academy in Athens in 529 C.E.?

answer

Justinian viewed it as an outpost of paganism.

question

Which African Christian community survived relatively intact between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

answer

Ethiopian Christians

question

Which of the following was a practice of the Eastern Orthodox Church but not the Western Roman Catholic Church?

answer

Eastern Orthodox Christians were led by married priests, while Roman Catholic clergy were celibate.

question

What effect did crusading have on Spain?

answer

Crusading brought Spain back under Christian rule.

question

Why did Nestorian Christians abandon their paintings and sculptures after 600 C.E.?

answer

They did not want to offend the Muslim population of Syria, Iraq, and Persia.

question

Which of the following was the least significant development in Islamic history during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries?

answer

Various Crusades

question

Which of the following best describes the power structure in Western European states during the third-wave era?

answer

Kings, warrior aristocrats, and church leaders struggled for power.

question

What did the Christian churches in Africa and Asia share between 600 and 1500 C.E.?

answer

They were generally in decline.

question

Which of the following statements best describes the appeal of the Christian Church to local warlords and rulers in pagan northern Europe?

answer

They found status and legitimacy by being associated with the literate and civilized Christian Church.

question

What did the Kievan Rus, the first state to form in the Slavic world, have in common with the first third-wave civilizations in Southeast Asia and East Africa?

answer

They were stimulated by trade that passed through their regions.

question

Which of the following is true of the Coptic Christians of Egypt?

answer

Before the Muslim conquest, the Byzantine rulers of Egypt viewed Coptics as heretics.

question

What were the Christian texts that circulated in China known as?

answer

Jesus Sutras

question

What stimulated the emergence of the Kievan Rus state in the ninth century?

answer

Trade

question

Which of the following statements best describes the history of the Nubian Christian church to 1500 C.E.?

answer

It had largely disappeared by 1500 C.E.

question

What important factor led to the decline of Christianity in Africa and Asia between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

answer

Emergence of Islam

question

What was the Mongol attitude toward Christianity?

answer

They appreciated Christianity's permissiveness regarding food and drink and a number of prominent Mongols converted.

question

Which of the following statements best describes the history of Christianity in China before 1400 C.E.?

answer

Christianity was practiced in China during the Tang dynasty and the period of Mongol rule, but withered away on both occasions.

question

What was the Byzantine Empire?

answer

Continuation of the eastern half of the Roman Empire

question

Why did Christianity increasingly become a European religion between 500 and 1500 C.E.?

answer

The emergence of Islam reduced the number of Christians in Asia and Africa.

question

What effect did the Crusades have on relations between the Eastern and Western churches?

answer

They led to worsening relations, as Western Christians saw Eastern Orthodoxy as blasphemous and soon came to attack the Byzantines.

question

Which of the following statements best describes the conversion of the Christian Syrian population to the Islamic faith?

answer

The majority of the Christian population converted to the Islamic faith voluntarily.

question

What was the dominant sect of Christianity in Syria, Persia, Iraq, and China?

answer

Nestorian

question

Which of the following statements best describes Byzantium's encounter with the Arabs between 500 and 800 C.E.?

answer

Byzantium lost considerable territories to the Arabs but survived the invasion.

question

Which of the following statements best describes the treatment of Jews in Europe during the crusading period?

answer

On occasion Crusaders on their way to Jerusalem massacred Jewish communities.

question

Which comparison is true of China and Europe's economies by the fifteenth century?

answer

Women in both regions experienced declining opportunities to control portions of the economy.

question

Which statement best describes the relationship between Germans and Roman culture in early medieval Western Europe?

answer

Germans were quick to accept much of Roman culture.

question

Which of the following statements best describes Western Europe in the early Middle Ages?

answer

It was politically fragmented and largely rural.

question

???

answer

It gave rise to frequent wars. (It also enhanced the role of military men.)

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