AP U.S. History- Chapter 28 Vocab – Flashcards

writer who assailed the new rich in The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899), a savage attack on "predatory wealth" and "conspicuous consumption"; the parasitic leisure class engaged in wasteful "business" (making money for money's sake) rather than productive "industry" (making goods to satisfy real needs; urged that social leadership pass from these titans to truly useful engineers

photographer who compiled a large archive of turn-of-the-century urban life; exposed tenement lifestyle

New York reporter who launched a series of articles in McClure's titled "The Shame of the Cities" in 1902; unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government

a pioneering journalist who published a devastating but factual expose of the Standard Oil Company; most eminent woman in muckraking movement

governor of Wisconsin; "Fighting Bob"; most militant of the progressive Republican leaders; wrestled control from railroad and lumber industries; regulated public utilities; elected 1901

elected Republican governor of California in 1910; helped break the grip of the Southern Pacific Railroad on California politics, then set up a political machine of his own

reformist Republican governor of New York; he had earlier gained national fame as an investigator of malpractices by gas and insurance companies and by the coal trust

upped the interest in safer canned food products by writing the sensational novel The Jungle (1906); intended to focus on the plight of the workers, but readers were more concerned with food sanitation; caused Roosevelt to appoint a special investigating commission and then to pass the Meat Inspection Act

presidential successor to Roosevelt in 1908; trusted administrator under Roosevelt; lacked Roosevelt's zest; adopted an attitude of passivity toward Congress; mild progressive; promoted foreign investment (to raise money for Americans and take money away from others) (trouble spots included China and the Caribbean); managed to gain some fame as a smasher of monopolies; decided to press an antitrust suite against the U.S. Steel Corporation; his lack of action on the protective tariff angered his party; beat Roosevelt for re-election in 1912

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Democratic leader in reformism; Democratic presidential nominee in 1912 (against Republican Roosevelt) with progressive program (New Freedom program) that included calls for stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform, and tariff reductions; favored small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized markets, pinned their economic faith on competiton (the man of the make instead of welfare); won 1912 election, became second Democratic president since 1861; from the South; called for an all-out assault on the triple wall of privilege (tariff, banks, trusts); reduced tariff rates (Underwood Tariff Bill), Federal Reserve Act (banking), Federal Trade Commission (trusts)

favored direct primary elections and voters being able to directly propose legislation themselves, so as to bypass power-hungry party bosses

progressive device that would place laws on the ballot for final approbal by the people, especially laws that had been railroaded through a compliant legislature by free-spending agents of the big business

the progressive device of enabling voters to remove faithless elected officials, particularly those who had been bribed by bosses or lobbyists

reporters who wrote to expose some evil, mudslingers, dirt-diggers; Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, etc.

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1903; aimed primarily at the rebate evil; heavy fines could now be imposed both on the railroads that gave rebates and on the shippers that accepted them

1906; free passes (showed bribery) were restricted; expanded the Interstate Commerce Commission and its reach was extended to include express companies, sleeping-car companies, and pipelines; Commission able to nullify existing rates and stipulate maximum rates

1902 Roosevelt attacked the Northern Securities Company, a railroad holding company organized by financial titan J. P. Morgan and empire builder James J. Hill (they had sought to achieve a virtual monopoly of the railroads in the Northwest); Court held up Roosevelt's antitrust suit and ordered the company to be dissolved; the decision jolted Wall Street and angered big business but greatly enhanced Roosevelt's reputation as a trust smasher

1906; passed by Roosevelt as a response to Sinclair's book The Jungle; decreed that the preparation of meat shipped over state lines would be subject to federal inspection from corral to can

1906; companion to the Meat Inspection Act; designed to prevent the adulteration and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals

1877; first feeble step toward conservation; the federal government sold arid land cheaply on the condition that the purchaser irrigate the thirsty soil within three years

1894; distributed federal land to the states on the condition that it be irrigated and settled; movement towards conservation

cofounded the Women's Peace party in 1915; its pacifist platform was said to represent the views of the "mother half of humanity"; initially attracted 25000 members, but America's entry into the war two years later eroded the popular support, as pacifist internationalism became suspect as anti-American

1902; Washington was authorized to collect money from the sale of public lands in the sun-baked western states and then use these funds for the development of irrigation projects; settlers reapid the cost of reclamation form their now-productive soil, and the money was put into a revolving fund to finance more such enterprises; lead to widespread dam construction

1909; a moderately reductive bill to reduce tariffs, however senators had tacked on hundreds of upward tariff revisions; Taft signed it, outraging teh progressive wing of his Republican party

1913; under Wilson, it provided for a substantial reduction of tariff rates; substantially reduced import fees and enacted a graduated income tax

1910; when Secretary of the Interior Ballinger opened public lands to corporate development, he was criticized by Pinchot (chief of the Agriculture Department's Division of Forestry and a stalwart Rooseveltian); Taft dismissed Pinchot on the grounds of insubordination, and protest arose from conservationists and Rooseveltians; the whole episode further widened the growing rift between the president and the former president, onetime bosom political partners

the Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the company, which was judged to be a combination in restraint of trade (violated Sherman Anti-Trust Act); Court handed down "rule of reason", only those combinations that "unreasonably" restrained trade were illegal; ripped a hole in the government's anti-trust net