Environmental Health Exam 1 – Flashcards

The environment plays a role in human health through associations with: A. Acute conditions B. Allergic responses C. Disability D. Chronic disease E. All of the above

Which of the following outcomes is NOT usually associated with world population growth? A. Prosperity B. Pollution C. Poverty D. Urban crowding E. Increases in infectious diseases

The epidemiological risk transition is characterized by a: A. Population comprised of predominantly young individuals B. Growing burden of chronic, degenerative diseases C. Rapid increase in population D. High mortality rates E. None of the above

Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by: A. Physical factors B. Biological factors C. Social factors D. Psychosocial factors E. All of the above

The author of "On Air,s Waters, and Places" was: A. Socrates B. Aristotle C. Hippocrates D. Galen

Environmental health science is concerned with agent, host, and environmental factors in disease. What statement below is true about this epidemiological triangle? A. Agent factors can include particles, taxi chemicals, and pesticides B. The environment is the domain in which disease-causing agents may exist C. The host is the person who affords lodgment of an infectious agent D. Disease causality includes three major factors: agent, host, and environment E. All of the above are true

Identify the historical figure who was among the first to expound on the role of environmental factors in causing diseases: A. Sir Percival Pott B. John Snow (not Jon Snow) C. Hippocrates D. Socrates

The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by: A. The case fatality rate (CFR) from that disease in the 0-4 age group B. A spot map that records all cases of the disease in the past year C. The prevalence for that disease during the past year D. The incidence rate for that disease in a given period time E. The number of deaths due to that disease during a given year

The members of the population who are capable of developing a disease or condition are known as: A. Incident cases B. Prevalent cases C. The population at risk D. The immune fraction E. None of the above

The limitations of environmental epidemiology include the fact that: A. Accurate assessment of exposure is difficult B. Environmentally associated diseases often have low incidence and prevalence C. Long latency periods often occur between initial exposure and disease outcomes D. The effects of exposure are often non-specific E. All of the above

Which Shakespearean play hinted at the effects of toxic chemicals in the closing scene? A. Julius Caesar B. Macbeth C. Othello D. Hamlet E. Romeo and Juliet

Which of these fine gentlemen died in 399 BC of hemlock poisoning? A. Socrates B. Hippocrates C. Aristotle D. Plato E. Sir Francis Bacon

Caffeine is considered to be a chemical agent (T/F)

Which of the following are examples of environmental exposure: A. Childhood lead exposure B. Prenatal alcohol exposure C. Mercury in gold mining D. Methyl mercury in the food supply E. All of the above

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome causes which of the following physical effects? A. Low nasal bridge B. Thin upper lip C. Minor ear abnormalities D. Flat mid face and short nose E. All of the above

What is the biologically optimum age range for bearing children? A. 15-25 B. 18-32 C. 20-30 D. 30-40 E. 20-40

The risk of maternal death, miscarriage, or stillbirth begins to increase with which pregnancy? A. Second B. Third C. Fourth D. Fifth E. Sixth

What is a major difference between family planning programs in the U.S. as compared with those in developing countries? A. Developing countries have no clinics B. Programs in developing countries focus exclusively on reducing birth rates and are not concerned with maternal and child health programs C. Developing countries make an active attempt to persuade and assist couples to use birth control D. Sterilization is the main focus of most programs in developing countries E. Most developing countries are actively promoting the ideal of one-child families

Infant death rates due to prematurity or underweight births are highest among babies born to women in which age group? A. Under 18 B. 20-30 C. 30-35 D. 35-40 E. 40-45

Which of the following contraceptive methods is highly effective at preventing unwanted pregnancy, is quite safe for most women, and yet is presently used by only 5% of American women? A. Cervical cap B. IUD C. Diaphragm D. Periodic abstinence E. Spermicides