Enlightenment/English Civil War – Flashcards

Enlightenment thinker who believed in inalienable rights (freedom of thought, speech religion, and property), limited power of the king and believed that peace can be secured only through a social contract. Also Thomas Jefferson used Locke's theories in the Declaration of Independence.

Enlightenment thinker; wrote satires, who thought that having no free speech and religious tolerance were two HUGE issues that needed to be fixed. Exiled from France because of thoughts but was still popular with the people.

Enlightenment thinker who believed all individuals were naturally equal. Believed in direct democracy, free speech, he believed that people should give up their rights to the community, not the king, and he believed that no individual should be forced to give up their rights to a king.

Enlightenment thinkers; small group of (mostly French) intellectuals who inspired revolutionary and reform movements.

Enlightenment thinker who thought individuals were fearful so they avoided violence and war. He believed in a balanced government with some power to the government and to the people. He believed everyone should have the right to vote and the government should have checks and balances. His ideas were the basis of the U.S. Constitution.

U.S. declaring its independence to England. Many of the ideas used were theories from John Locke.

King of England at time of English Civil War; war started because of his arrogance, eleven years of tyranny, new taxes, religious suppression (torture) for not believing in the "right" religion, and the event that sparked the war was when Charles arrested 5 leading members of Parliament. He eventually dies after sentence to death for treason.

A document produced by Parliament that held the king in check, telling him what he can and can't do.

Two sides of the English Civil War. The Roundheads were supporters of Parliament and the Cavaliers were the supporter of the king (Charles I). Roundheads win under lead of Oliver Cromwell.

New period where a new government was formed under Oliver Cromwell. The House of Lords and monarchy are abolished and England is declared a republic.

The period of time where King James II of England was overthrown. James was a Catholic and the English Parliament was Protestant which led t an overthrow of the king.

Called himself the Lord Protector and used an army to assert his power; leader of the English republic; suppressed Levellers and any other radical movement groups. Restoration Period: Charles II was welcomed back into England after the republic failed and put the king back into power. The king had to be more careful with what reforms he makes because Parliament is more than willing to overthrow and execute Charles II again.

Commonwealth Period, Charles II (Charles I's son) flees England and is still a supporter of monarchy. Also many other revolutions were adopter after the one of Charles I in England such as: The American Revolution, French Revolution, and Haitian Revolution.