Endocrine System Study Guide- – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Adrenal gland
answer
either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney. Triggers the bodys response to an emergency situation known as the "flight or fight" reaction in the nervous system.
question
diabetes
answer
A medical condition that can cause the body to require the endocrine system to have negative feedback. This condition is marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst
question
Endocrine system
answer
The system of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity, and the organs that have major functions outside the system: pancreas, gonads, hypothalamus.
question
Endocrine system
answer
The system of glands that produce endocrine secretions that help to control bodily metabolic activity, and the organs that have major functions outside the system: pancreas, gonads, hypothalamus.
question
Glucose
answer
The bodys blood sugar; a simple form of carbohydrate
question
Homeostasis
answer
The bodys ablility to maintained balance in the nervous system to offset disrupting changes from the environment. (EXAMPLE: body temperature stays 98.6 when you walk outside and its 32 degrees)
question
Insulin
answer
hormone secreted by the pancreas; lowers blood glucose levels.
question
Melatonin
answer
A hormone secreted by the pineal gland; regulates sleep/ wake cycles.
question
Pancreas
answer
a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach. It releases insulin and glucagon to break down food for energy.
question
Parathyroid gland
answer
Any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland
question
Pineal gland
answer
A small endocrine gland in the brain; secretes hormone for sleep - meletonin
question
pituitary gland
answer
aka: Hypophysis, the master gland of the endocrine system
question
Sex hormones
answer
Hormones that regulate the development and functioning of reproductive organs and that stimulate the devolopment of male and female sexual characteristics
question
Target cell
answer
A structure, organ or tissue to which something is directed
question
Thyroid gland
answer
Located near the base of the neck; produces the thyroid hormones T3 ; T4. Largest pure endocrine organ in the body.
question
Ova
answer
female sex cells
question
sperm
answer
the male sex cell
question
Hormones
answer
Chemical messengers released to the blood by the cells of endocrine glands that regulate the metabolic activities of other cells in the body. They signal target cells to perform specific chemical reactions.
question
Hypothalamus
answer
Located in the brain and responsible for Secreting and releasing hormones that regulate release of hormones from the anterior pituitary. About the size of a pea.
question
Thymus Gland
answer
An immune organ located near the heart. The thymus is the site of T cell maturation and is larger in children and adolescents. Helps the immune system develop during childhood
question
Ovaries
answer
Release female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone to trigger egg development
question
Testes
answer
Releases the sex hormone testosterone which changes in a males body and regulates the sperm production
question
Puberty
answer
The physiological changes that occurs in the human body as an adolescent develops into an adult.
question
Egg
answer
The female sex cell
question
Sperm
answer
The male sex cell
question
Zygote
answer
A fertilized egg
question
Chromosomes
answer
The information in a cell that carries the inherited characteristics. Each parent shares 23 chromosomes to = 46. Sex cells DO NOT have a nucleus they have chromosomes. X or Y
question
Meiosis
answer
When chromosomes are divided and the sex cells separate creating two XX ( female ) or XY ( male)
question
Uterus
answer
Located in a female - a reproductive organ. Where the (fetus develops) - the egg grows when it is fertilized by
question
Fetus
answer
An undeveloped baby
question
Felopian Tube
answer
The tube that the female egg travels to during ovulation
question
Menache
answer
The process of female reaching maturity
question
Estrogen
answer
female hormone
question
Testosterone
answer
male hormone
question
Ovulation
answer
The egg is released from the ovary and FSH chemical is made in the pituitary gland. Day 12 -22 ish
question
Scrotum
answer
External pouch that contains sperm in a male
question
Penis
answer
Semen leaves the body through this reproductive organ
question
Prostaglandins
answer
Hormone that make the muscles of the uterus to contract and help push the tissue out of the body. Hormone release may cause headaches, back aches
question
LH
answer
The hormone that causes the female egg to release
question
Pituitary gland
answer
Located in the hypothalamus of the brain and is responsible for regulating hormone level in the body Known as the master gland of the endocrine system
question
Fertilization
answer
When the male sperm meets the female egg this happens
question
FSH
answer
Hormone that travels to the ovaries to cause female eggs to be released
