Economics Chapter 3 Test Test Questions – Flashcards
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Sole proprietorship or proprietorship
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business owned and run by a single person who has the rights to all profits and unlimited liability for all debts of the firm
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Unlimited liability
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requirement that an owner is personally and fully responsible for all losses and debts of the business
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Inventory
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stock of finished goods and parts held in reserve
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Partnership
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unincorporated business owned and operated by two or more people who share the profits and responsibility for debts
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General partnership
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form of partnership where all partners are equally responsible for management and debts
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Limited partnership
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form of partnership where one or more partners are not active in the daily running of the business and have limited responsibility
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Corporation
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form of business organization recognized by law as a separate legal entity
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Charter
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written government approval to establish a corporation
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Stock
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certificate of ownership in a corporation
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stockholders or shareholders
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people who own a share or shares of stock in a corporation
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dividend
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check that transfers a portion of the company profits to stockholders, usually quarterly
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common stock
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most frequently used form of corporate ownership, with one vote per share for stockholders
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preferred stock
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form of corporate ownership without vote, in which stockholders get their investments back before common stockholders
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bond
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formal contract to repay borrowed money with interest
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principal
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amount borrowed when getting a loan or issuing a bond
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interest
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payment made for the use of borrowed money
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double taxation
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taxation of dividends both as corporate profit and as personal income
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merger
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combination of two or more businesses to form a single firm
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income statement
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report showing a firm's sales, expenses, net income, and cash flows for a certain period, usually three months or a year
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net income
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common measure of business profits determined by subtracting all expenses, including taxes, from revenues
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depreciation
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gradual wear on capital goods
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cash flow
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total amount of new funds a business generates from operations
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horizontal merger
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combination of two or more firms producing the same kind of product
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vertical merger
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combination of firms involved in different stages of manufacturing or marketing
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conglomerate
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firm with four or more businesses making unrelated products, with no single business responsible for a majority of its sales
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multinational
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corporation producing and selling without regard to national boundaries and whose business activities are located in several different countries
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nonprofit organization
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economic organization that operates like a business but does not seek financial gain
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cooperative or co-op
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nonprofit association performing some kind of economic activity for the benefit of its members
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credit union
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nonprofit service cooperative that accepts deposits, makes loans, and provides other financial services
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labor union
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organization that works for its members' interests concerning pay, working conditions, and benefits
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collective bargaining
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negotiation between union and company representatives over pay, benefits, and other job-related matters
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professional association
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nonprofit organization of professional or specialized workers seeking to improve working conditions, skill levels, and public perception of its profession
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chamber of commerce
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nonprofit organization of local businesses formed to promote their interests
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better business bureau
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business sponsored nonprofit organization providing information on local companies to consumers
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public utility
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company providing an essential service such as water or electricity to consumers
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proprietorship partnership corporation
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What are the three types of business organizations?
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business owned and run by a single individual
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What is a sole proprietorship?
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business licenses and fees
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How is a sole proprietorship formed?
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A sole proprietorship is easy to start up
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A sole proprietorship [EASY] or [HARD] to start up?
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In a sole proprietorship management is simple
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In a sole proprietorship is management [SIMPLE] or [COMPLEX]?
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In a proprietorship, with profits of successful management, the owner does not have to share the profits with other owners
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In a proprietorship, with profits of successful management, the owner [DOES] or [DOES NOT] have to share the profits with other owners.
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The proprietorship does not have to pay separate business income taxes
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The proprietorship [DOES] or [DOES NOT] have to pay separate business income taxes because the business is not recognized as a separate legal entity.
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Many people get a psychological satisfaction from being their own boss
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What type of satisfaction do many people get from being their own boss?
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It is easy to get out of business
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It is [EASY] or [DIFFICULT] to get out of business
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Limited life
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situation in which a firm ceases to exist when an owner dies, quits, or sells the business
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The main disadvantage of proprietorship is that the owner of the business has unlimited liability
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The main disadvantage of a proprietorship is that the owner of the business has [LIMITED] or [UNLIMITED] liability?
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In a proprietorship it is easy to raise financial capital
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In a proprietorship it is [EASY] or [DIFFICULT] to raise financial capital?
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The size and efficiency of a proprietorship is a disadvantage
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The size and efficiency of a proprietorship [IS] or [IS NOT] a disadvantage?
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The proprietor often has limited managerial experience
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The proprietor often has [UNLIMITED] or [LIMITED] managerial experience?
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It is difficult to attract qualified employees
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It is [EASY] or [DIFFICULT] to attract qualified employees in a sole proprietorship?
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The sole proprietorship is limited life
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The sole proprietorship is [UNLIMITED] or [LIMITED] life?
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a business jointly owned by two or more persons
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What is a partnership?
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general partnership and limited partnership
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What are two types of a partnership?
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articles of partnership are drawn up
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How is a partnership formed?
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Partnerships can usually attract financial capital more easily than proprietorship
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Partnerships [CAN] or [CAN NOT] usually attract financial capital more easily than proprietorship?
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There is a lack of special taxes on a partnership
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There [IS] or [IS NOT] a lack of special taxes on a partnership?
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In a partnership management is easy
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In a partnership management is [EASY] or [DIFFICULT]?
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Partnerships are more efficient operations that come with their slightly larger size
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Partnerships [ARE NOT] or [ARE] more efficient operations that come with their slightly larger size?
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Partnerships finds it more easier to attract top talent than proprietorship
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Partnerships often find it more [DIFFICULT[ or [EASIER] to attract top talent than proprietorship?
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A partnership is easy to start up
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A partnership is [EASY] or [DIFFICULT] to start up?
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In general partnerships each partner is fully responsible for the acts of all other partners
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In a general partnerships each partner is [NOT] or [IS] fully responsible for the acts of all other partners?
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There is usually potential for conflict between partners
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There [IS] or [IS NOT] usually potential for conflict between partners?
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In the case of the limited partnership a partner's responsibility for the debts of the business is limited by the size of his or her investment in the firm
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In the case of the limited partnership a partner's responsibility for the debts of the business [IS] or [IS NOT] limited by the size of his or her investment in the firm?
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A partnership does have limited life like a proprietorship
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A partnership [DOES NOT] or [DOES] have limited life like a proprietorship?
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Corporations
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How is 90% of all business done in the United States?
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People must file for permission from the national government or the state where the business will have its headquarters.
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How is a corporation formed?
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common stock or preferred stock
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What is the structure of a corporation?
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1) The ease of raising financial capital 2) Limited liability for its owners 3) Directors of the corporation can hire professional managers to run the firm 4) Corporation continues to exist when ownership changes
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What are the strengths of a corporation?
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1) Double taxation of corporate profits 2) Difficulty and expense of getting a charter 3) Owners/shareholders have little voice in how the business is run 4) Subject to more government regulation
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What are the weaknesses of a corporation?
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One vote for each share of stock. The vote is used to elect a board of directors.
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How do stock holders vote in corporate businesses?
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Common stock holders have the power to vote and elect members for the board of directors. However, preferred stock holders receive their dividends first.
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How do common stock holders differ from preferred stock holders?
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Reinvestment and mergers
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What two ways businesses expand and grow?
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When a firm has multiple businesses so if one type fails, the whole firm doesn't go down.
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What is diversification?
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A multinational has its manufacturing and service operations in different countries, while a conglomerate has at least 4 businesses not necessarily in different countries.
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How does a conglomerate differ from a multi-national?
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To promote the interests of others rather than financial gain for its owners.
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What are the purposes of a non profit organizations?
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Indirect: To help the economy operate smoothly and efficiently, and help its citizens through services such as social security, veterans benefits, and financial aid to students Direct: To produce and distribute goods and services (police, education, etc.) to consumers
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What are the direct and indirect roles of government within our economy?
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consumer: buys goods in bulk for its members services: provides services rather than goods producer: helps members to promote/sell goods
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How do three kinds of cooperatives differ?
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Credit unions are much more fair and less about profit for the institution.
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Why do many people prefer to deal with credit unions rather than banks?
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The main advantage of a corporation is the ease of raising financial capital
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The main advantage of a corporation [IS] or [IS NOT] the ease of raising financial capital?
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The corporation provides limited liability
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The corporation provides [UNLIMITED] or [LIMITED] liability?
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The directors of a corporation can hire professional managers to run the firm
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The directors of a corporation [CAN] or [CAN NOT] hire professional managers to run the firm?
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unlimited life
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What is it called when the corporation continues to exist even when ownership changes?
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Transferring ownership of a corporation is easy
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Transferring ownership of a corporation is [EASY] or [DIFFICULT]?
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Sales and Expense
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What kind of detailed records must a corporation keep so that it can pay taxes on its profits?
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The difficulty and expense of obtaining a charter
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What features of obtaining a charter causes a disadvantage for the corporate structure?
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Owners or Shareholders have little voice in how the business is run
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Who has a little voice in how the business is run?
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Corporations are subject to more government regulation than other forms of business
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What are corporations subjected more to?
