ECO 203 – Flashcards
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the deadweight loss resulting from levying a tax on an economic activity is...
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the loss of potential gains from trade from activities forgone because of the tax
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an effective minimum wage...
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increases the earnings of some low-skill workers while reducing the employment and training opportunities available to others
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which of the following explains why managers of government agencies have little incentive to achieve operational efficiency?
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I. public-sector managers need not fear bankruptcy when operational efficiency is not achieved
II. public-secor managers seldom receive personal benefits if they find ways to improve efficiency of their operations
III. public-sector agencies typically do not face competition
ALL OF THE ABOVE
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which of the following is true regarding government expenditures in the united states?
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government expenditures as a share of GDP grew rapidly between 1930 and 1980
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the major categories of federal government spending are
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heath care, national defense, social security, and other income transfers
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economic theory indicates the behavior of
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voters, government employees, and public officials is best understood by applying the same basic principle we use to predict the behavior of people in the private sector-- that incentives matter
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according to the economic way of thinking, personal benefits and costs influence the actions of
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consumers, producers, voters, and politicians in the both private and public sectors
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in a representative democracy, government actions results from the
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I. choice of voters
II. legislative decisions by politicians
III. political action of organized interest groups
ALL OF THE ABOVE
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which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of a user charge
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persons pay roughly in proportion to the extent that they use the good or service
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a local government operates a city recreation center with a pool and tennis courts. he center is financed through $50 annual membership fees. this type of financing is an exa,pale of a
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user charge
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in which case is the political process most likely to result in the acceptance of efficient projects and rejection of inefficient projects?
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both the benefits and costs are widespread among voters
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as both the budget and regulatory powers of government grow, public choice analysis indicates that individuals and groups will find it in their interest to
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spend more time rent seeking
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public choice theory suggests that politicians will most likely to favor redistribution of income from
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unorganized taxpayers to well-organized interest groups
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which of the following is true?
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the incentives to engage in rent-seeking activities increase with the ease with which the political process can provide personal gain at the expense of others
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economics indicates that government funding of special interest projects and favoritism of some business firms relative to others will lead to
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economic inefficiency because the funding will be driven by political rather than economic considerations
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an analysis of market failure and government failure indicates
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both the market and the government may fail to meet conditions of economic efficiency; in each individual case, the choice of market or public-sector action requires careful evaluation
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economic theory leads us to expect that typical voter will be uninformed on many issues because
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information is costly, and the individual voter casting a well-informed vote can expect negligible personal benefit
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public choice theory suggests that politicians will be most likely to favor redistribution of income from
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disorganized individuals to well-organized special interest groups
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in which case is the political process most likely to result in the acceptance of productive programs and rejection of unproductive political activities?
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when both the benefits and costs are widespread among voters
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public choice analysis indicates that
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unconstrained democratic governments often enact special-interest programs that waste resources and impair the standard of living
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despite many differences, the market and public sectors are similar in which one of the following respects?
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it will be costly to use scarce goods, whether through the private or public sector
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senator spendall is able to use his position on an important committee to set aside government funding specifically for a new bridge in his hometown. this is an example of
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earmarking
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government decisions tend to be biased towards actions that have
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current benefits that are easily observable and future costs that are difficult to identify
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which of the following is true?
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real federal spending per person was approximately 80 times greater in 2010 than in 1916
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the administrative, enforcement, and compliance costs of collecting taxes in the united states sum to
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between 12 and 15 percent of the revenues collected
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the private sector cost of tax revenues is equal to the
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tax revenue plus the cost of tax compliance and the excess burden of taxation
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in 1980, the top 1 percents of earners paid 19.1 percents of federal personal income tax. by 2008, the share of this tax collected from the top 1 percent of earners
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had risen to over 35 percent
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as government becomes larger and larger as a share of the economy. economic growth is likely to decline because
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governments are involved in many activities for which they are ill-suited
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which percentage of americans age 18 and over paid personal income taxes in 2009?
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51 percent
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the 18th century scottish philospher alexander titler argued that democracy
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would tend to collapse from excessive debt once a majority of voters discovered they could vote themselves benefits at the expense of others
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I. sales taxes, income taxes, property taxes, and grants from high levels of government are major sources of state and local revenue in the united states
II. including both the excess burden and administration, enforcement, and compliance costs of taxes in the united states, $1 in taxes to the government imposes a cost of somewhere between $1.20 and $1.30 on the economy
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both are true
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one dollar of tax revenue ends up costing citizens in the economy
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more than one dolllar
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compared to 1980, the top marginal federal income tax rate today is
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substantially lower and the rate structure is less progressive than in 1980
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which of the following countries had the highest level of government expenditures as a share of GDP in 2007?
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sweden
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occurs when an comic activity has either a spillover cost or spillover benefit on a bystander
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externality