Earth Science SOL Review: Oceanography – Flashcards
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The ocean covers ____% of Earth's surface
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71
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The top 3 elements in the oceans
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Chloride; sodium; magnesium
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The amount of salt in the water
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Salinity
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Which one is denser: salt water or fresh water?
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Salt Water
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Salinity decreases in oceans due addition of ______ ______
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Fresh Water
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Salinity increases in oceans due to ________
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evaporation
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Most waves on the ocean surface are generated by _____
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winds
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The daily, periodic rise and fall of water level
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Tides
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Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the _____ and _____
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sun; moon
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How many high tides occur daily?
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two high tides
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How many low tides occur daily?
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two low tides
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Greatest tidal range because the moon, sun, and Earth are in alignment
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Spring
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Lowest tidal range worldwide; happens during quarter moon phases
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Neap
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Surface systems are created by the ______ _____ and Wind
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Coriolis Effect
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Warm water rises, cold water sinks (causes currents to form)
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Convection Currents
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Oceans recieve and absorb a large portion of the _____ energy
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sun's
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Sun's energy _____ water temperature and influences _____
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raises; weather
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Ocean currents carry warm water to colder areas, and vice versa. This affects _____ climates
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Local
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Solar energy _____ ocean water which returns to Earth as _______
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evaporates; precipitation
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Sea level rises when polar ice caps _____
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melt
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Sea level falls when glacial ice caps ____
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grow
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Cold water
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Which is denser, warm water or cold water?
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Salt water
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Which is denser, fresh water or salt water?
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Upwelling
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What brings cold, nutrient rich water from the deep ocean to the surface and are areas of rich biological activity?
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Areas where fresh and salt water mix
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Estuaries
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Major mechanism of energy transfer in Oceans, Atmosphere, and Earth's interior
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Convection
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The ____ is the single largest reservoir of heat at Earth's surface
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ocean
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The stored heat in the ocean drives much of Earth's _____
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Weather
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The stored heat in the ocean causes climate near the ocean to be ____ than climate in the interior of continents
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Milder
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Shoreline and slopes gently toward ocean floor; can be as deep as 200 m
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Continental Shelf
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Steep slope that continues down the ocean floor 200-4000m. Marked by canyons and extreme movement of sediment
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Continental slope
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Base of continental slope. Large pile of sediments
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Continental rise
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Flat area with features like ridges, rift vallets, and trenches. Flattest area on Earth. Sediments fill any crevice immediately
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Abyssal Plain
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great undersea mountain ranges. Form at divergent boundaries
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Mid Ocean Ridge
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Long, narrow, steep-sides trought that runs parallel to continental margins or to isalnd arcs. Exists at subduction zones and forms at convergent boundaries
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Trench
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Mountains or volcanoes that rise from the ocean floor but do not reach water's surface
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Seamount
