Earth Science Final test #1 – Flashcards

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question
What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? A.) Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface. B.)Physical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate movements in the geologic past; historical geology charts how and where the plates were moving in the past. C.)Physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past. D.)None of the abovephysical geology and historical geology are essentially the same.
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A.)Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface.
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The study of Earth's atmosphere is known as ________. A.)oceanography B.)cosmology C.)astronomy D.)meteorology
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D.)meteorology
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The ________ refers to the sum total of all life on Earth. A.) atmosphere B.) hydrosphere C.) geosphere D.) biosphere
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D.) biosphere
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Oceans cover slightly less than half of the earth's surface. A.) true B.)false
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B.) false
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What is the average thickness of the continental crust? A. 35km B. 100mi C. 7km D. 1000km
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A. 35km
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In correct order from the center outward, Earth includes which units? A. inner core, outer core, mantle, crust B. inner core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere C. core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere D. core, inner mantle, outer mantle, crust
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A. inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
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The composition of the earth's inner core is thought to be ________. A. peridotite B. basalt C. solid iron-nickel alloy D. granite
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C. solid iron-nickel alloy
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The asthenosphere is actually a part of the ________ of the earth. A. mantle B. inner core C. outer core D. crust
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A. mantle
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The ________ is the thinnest layer of the earth. A. mantle B. inner core C. crust D. outer core
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C. crust
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Which one of the following is not true for minerals? A. They have a specific, internal, crystalline structure. B. Many have a specific, predictable chemical composition. C. They can be a liquid, solid, or gas. D. They can be identified by characteristic physical properties.
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C. They can be a liquid, solid, or gas.
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Which of the following is not a fundamental particle found in atoms? A. electron B. neutron C. selectron D. protons
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C. selectron
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Atoms of the same element, zinc for example, have the same number of ________. A. protons in the nucleus B. electrons in the nucleus C. electrons in the valence bond level D. neutrons in the outer nuclear shell
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A. protons in the nucleus
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An atoms mass number is 13 and its atomic number is 6. How many neutrons are in its nucleus? A. 13 B. 7 C. 19 D. 6
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B. 7
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The resistance of a mineral to abrasion is known as ________. A. streak B. hardness C. cleavage D. luster
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B. hardness
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The strong tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as ________. A. habit B. streak C. cracking luster D. cleavage
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D. cleavage
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The current age of earth almost all textbooks teach is approximately 4.5 million years. A. true B. false
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B. false
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What is the thickness of the earth in km? A. 6375 mi B. 6375 km C. 6.375 gm D. 4350 km
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B. 6375 km
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The composition of the oceanic crust is thought to be ________. A. basaltic B. granite C. solid iron ore D. silicon
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A. basaltic
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The continental crust is made up primarily of ________. A. silicon and magnesium B. silicon and aluminum C. silicon and iron D. silicon and carbon
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B. silicon and aluminum
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Which of the following sciences do not contribute to earth science? A. astronomy B. geology C. astrology D. meteorology
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C. astrology
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What is the name of the hard outer shell of the earth? A. mantle B. crust C. geosphere D. all of the above
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A. mantle
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Atoms that have an electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons are called ________. A. isotopes B. ions C. isochrons D. periodic elements
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B. ions
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Moh's scale is a relative measure of which physical property of minerals? A. streak B. hardness C. luster D. cleavage
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B. hardness
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Which group of minerals are the most abundant in the earths crust? A. sulfides B. carbonates C. silicates D. halides
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C. silicates
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The most unreliable (variable) diagnostic property of minerals such as quartz is ________. A. hardness B. habit C. specific gravity D. color
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D. color
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What is the length of a 112 feet long quartz crystal in S.I units? note: 1m=3.28ft A. 30m B. 367m C. 34m D. 0.39m
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C. 34m
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