Earth Science — Chapter 1 Review – Flashcards
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Geosphere, Mantle
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The mantle is a section in the geosphere
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Hydrosphere, Atmosphere
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The hydrosphere is all of the water on earth including the water in the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a layer of gases.
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Oceanography, Cryosphere
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Oceanography is the study of the ocean and all of the components in it. The Cryosphere is the frozen parts of the ocean like the glaciers.
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Meteorology, Atmosphere
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Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere, climate and temperature. The atmosphere is where all of that occurs.
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Geology, Biosphere
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Geology is the study of earth. The Biosphere is all of the living organisms located on the earth.
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When conducting experiments, scientists use the ________ ______ to help guide their process.
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Scientific Method
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The ________ ______ is the one factor that can be manipulated by the experimenter.
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Independent Variable
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Scientist use a form of shorthand called _______ ________ to express very large or very small numbers.
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Scientific Notation
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Most scientific studies and experiments use a standard system of units called ______________________
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Le Systeme International d'Unites (SI)
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Scientific Theory
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The scientific theory is used to explain things.
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Scientific Law
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A scientific law is a statement based on information applied through the universe.
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Scientific Model
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A scientific model is a research method scientist use to replicate real-world systems.
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In the field of _________, scientists measure the temperature, pressure, and humidity.
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Meteorology
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Their measurements come from features of the _______ and hydrosphere, and they look at how weather affects the _______ and geosphere.
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Atmosphere , Biosphere
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The units of their measurements come from _____ and the metric system.
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SI
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The numbers generally are not large, so _______ _______ is not used.
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Scientific Notation
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Which one of these is not a specialized area of Earth science? A. Astronomy B. Environmental Science C. Technology D. Oceanography
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C. Technology
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Which type of scientist is shown above? A. Oceanographer B. Geologist C. Astronomer D. Meteorology
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B. Geologist
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Which type of research is this scientist conducting? A. Field Research B. Lab Research C. Library Research D. Biological Research
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A. Field Research
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Which is a sequence of steps a scientist might use to conduct an investigation? A. analysis, test, question, conclude B. test, question, conclude, analysis C. question, test, analysis, conclude D. conclude, test, question, analysis
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C.question, test, analysis, conclude
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Identify the Earth systems that is labeled A A. Atmosphere B. Biosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Geosphere
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A. Atmosphere
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Identify the Earth system that is labeled B A. Atmosphere B. Biosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Geosphere
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B. Biosphere
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Which type makes up 97% of Earth's water? A. Groundwater B. Salt Water C. Freshwater D. Spring Water
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B. Salt Water
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Which is true of scientific models? A. They never change B. They must be true for at least 10 years C. They will be modified with new observations and data D. They are generally the work of one scientist
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???
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Select the correct scientific notation for 150,000,000 km. A. 150 x 10^6 km B. 15 x 10^7 km C. 1.5 x 10^8 km D. 0.15 x 10^9 km
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C. 1.5 x 10^8 km
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Explain how technology relates to science.
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Science and technology interact with each other constantly. Technology helps scientist conduct experiments and solutions to the natural world.
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Identify some SI Units.
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Meters, Kilograms, Centimeters, Grams, Centimeters cubed, Meters cubed.
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Summarize each of the Earth's systems and explain their relationship to each other.
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There are four main Earth systems. The geosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and the hydrosphere. The geosphere is split into three regions, the crust, the mantle, and the core. The atmosphere is a blanket of gases that surround earth from its surface up to several thousand feet. The biosphere contains all of Earth's organisms (living and nonliving) within a few meters of the crust. Lastly, the hydrosphere, contains all the water on earth including the water in the atmosphere. The relationship between all four of these systems is that they are all related to the earth and they we need all of these to have a functioning earth.
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Compare and contrast an investigation and an experiment.
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An investigation is the action of examining someone or something for an extended period of time. An experiment is a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis or demonstrate a known fact.
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Why might a graph be more helpful in explaining data than just writing the results in words?
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With a graph, you can see all of the different fluctuations in the data.
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When ice is heated above 0 degrees Celsius, it melts. Is this a theory or a law?
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This statement is a law because a law states something that happens in nature. It also has been tested and approved, we know for a fact that when ice is heated about 0 degrees Celsius, it melts.
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Why would a meteorologist need an understanding of Earth's hydrosphere?
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Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and how the weather changes and is caused. Meteorologist need to understand the hydrosphere because the water located on earth and in the atmosphere have a lot to do with the weather and the way it changes.
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Explain what the scientific methods are and why they are so important.
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The scientific methods are steps to help you do an experiment and stay on track while conducting said experiment. It helps you correct any mistakes you might have and also to show others how you got to the result that you achieved in the conclusion.
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Science
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The study of how things work
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Earth Science
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Branch of science that specifically studies the earth and all of its characteristics
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4 main areas of specialization
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Geology, Meteorology, Oceanology, Astronomy, Environmental Science
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Geology
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The study of the physical nature, structure, and history of the earth
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Meteorology
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The science that deals with the phenomena of the atmosphere, especially weather and weather conditions
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Oceanology
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The study of the Earth's oceans
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Astronomy
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The scientific study of the universe
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Environmental Science
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The study of the natural processes that occur in the environment and how humans can affect them.
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4 main earth systems
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Geosphere, Atmosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere
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Geosphere
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The mostly solid, rocky part of the earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust.
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Atmosphere
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The envelope of gases that surrounds Earth. The gases include Nitrogen (approximately 78%), Oxygen (approximately 21%), Carbon Dioxide (approximately .04%(400 ppm)), Water Vapor, Helium, Methane, Neon
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Biosphere
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Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.
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Hydrosphere
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All the water at and near the surface of the earth (in the atmosphere), 97% of which is in oceans
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Scientific Method
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A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
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Variable
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A factor that can change in an experiment
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Independent Variable
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The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. Always on the X axis.
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Dependent Variable
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The experimental factor that is being measured; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. Always on the Y axis.
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Constant
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A value that does not change
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Control
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In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison
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Standards
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Accepted levels of behavior to which individual behavior is compared.
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Length
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Distance between two points
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Mass
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Amount of matter in an object
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Weight
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A measure of the force of gravity on an object
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Volume
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Amount of space occupied by an object.
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? = Length x Width x Height
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Volume
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Area
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The number of square units required to cover a surface.
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? = Length x Height
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Area
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Density
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A measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume.
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? = Mass / Volume
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Density
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Density of water?
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1 gram / cm^3
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Le Systeme International d'Unites (SI)
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International set of units (Meters, Liters, Seconds)
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Time is measured in...?
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Seconds
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Temperature is measured in...?
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Kelvin (K)
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0 degress Kelvin is...?
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Absolute Zero; Coldest possible temperature; unattainable.
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Water boils at ___ degrees Celsius.
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100
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Water boils at ___ degrees Fahrenheit.
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212
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Water freezes at ___ degrees Fahrenheit.
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32
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Water boils at ___ degrees Kelvin.
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373
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Water freezes at ___ degrees Kelvin.
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273
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Scientific Notation
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A method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. i.e. 8256992357 = 8.26 x 10^9
