E-Commerce Test 1 - Flashcards

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B2C

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Consumer shopping on the Web is often called ____.

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processes

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The group of logical, related, and sequential activities and transactions in which businesses engage are often collectively referred to as business ____.

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C2C

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Some researchers define a fourth category of electronic commerce called ____, which includes individuals who buy and sell items among themselves.

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wire transfers

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Electronic funds transfers are also called ____.

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trading partners

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Businesses that engage in EDI with each other are called ____.

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VAN

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A(n) ____ is an independent firm that offers connection and transaction-forwarding services to buyers and sellers engaged in EDI.

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PEW Internet & American Life Project

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The ____ began conducting several long-term research projects in 2000 to study the growth of the Internet and its effects on society.

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Intel

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____ is a good example of a company that sells its products to other businesses rather than to consumers.

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The first wave of electronic commerce was predominantly a U.S. phenomenon.

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Which of the following statements is correct?

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business model

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A(n) ____ is a set of processes that combine to yield a profit.

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revenue model

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A(n) ____ is a specific collection of business processes used to identify customers, market to those customers, and generate sales to those customers.

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merchandising

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The combination of store design, layout, and product display knowledge is called ____.

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return-on-investment

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Businesses often calculate ____ numbers before committing to any new technology.

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Transaction costs

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____ are the total of all costs that a buyer and a seller incur as they gather information and negotiate a purchase-and-sale transaction.

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SWOT analysis

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One significant component of ____ can be the investment a seller makes in equipment or in the hiring of skilled employees to supply the product or service to the buyer.

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vertical integration

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The practice of an existing firm replacing one or more of its supplier markets with its own hierarchical structure for creating the supplied product is called ____.

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commodities

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Many ____, such as wheat, sugar, and crude oil, are still traded in markets.

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network economic structure

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In a ____, companies coordinate their strategies, resources, and skill sets by forming long-term, stable relationships with other companies and individuals based on shared purposes.

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virtual companies

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Strategic partnerships occurring between or among companies operating on the Internet are called ____.

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Network

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____ organizations are particularly well suited to technology industries that are information intensive.

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network effect

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As more people participate in a network, the value of the network to each participant increases. This is known as the ____.

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value chain

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A ____ is a way of organizing the activities that each strategic business unit undertakes to design, produce, promote, market, deliver, and support the products or services it sells.

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value system

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Porter uses the term ____ to describe the larger stream of activities into which a particular business unit's value chain is embedded.

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strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

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SWOT is the acronym for ____.

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Dell Computer

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In the mid-1990s, ____ used a SWOT analysis to create a business strategy that helped it become a strong competitor in its industry value chain.

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culture

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The combination of language and customs is often called ____________________.

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Time Berners-Lee

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HTML was developed by _____.

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Mosaic

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_____ was the first Web browser that became widely available for personal computers.

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circuit

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The combination of telephone lines and the closed switches that connect them to each other is called a _____.

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packets

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On a packet-switched network, files and e-mail messages are broken down into small pieces, called _____.

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Routers

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When packets leave a network to travel on the Internet, they must be translated into a standard format. _____ usually perform this translation function.

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the Internet backbone

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Routers and the telecommunications lines connecting them are collectively referred to as _____.

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protocol

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A _____ is a collection of rules for formatting, ordering, and error checking data sent across a network.

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Protocols

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_____ determine how the sending device indicates that it has finished sending a message, and how the receiving device indicates that it has received the message.

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octet

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In networking applications, an 8 bit number is often called a(n) _____.

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subnetting

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Network engineers have devised a number of stopgap techniques to stretch the supply of IP addresses. One of the most popular techniques is _____.

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network address translation device

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A computer called a _____ converts private IP addresses into normal IP addresses when it forwards packets from those computers to the Internet.

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128-bit

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IPV6 uses a _____ number for addresses.

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hexadecimal

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The _____ numbering system uses 16 characters.

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Domain names

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_____ are sets of words that are assigned to specific IP addresses.

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Web server

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The purpose of a(n) _____ is to respond to the request for Web pages from Web clients.

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URL

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The combination of the protocol name and the domain name is called a _____.

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SMTP

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_____ specifies the format of a mail message and describes how mail is to be administered on the e-mail server and transmitted on the Internet.

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MIME

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_____ is a set of rules for handling binary files, such as word processing documents, spreadsheets, photos, or sound clips, that are attached to e-mail messages.

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IMAP

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A newer e-mail protocol that performs that same basic functions as POP, but includes additional features, is known as _____.

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IMAP

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_____ lets users create and manipulate e-mail folders and individual e-mail messages while the messages are still on the e-mail server.

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HTML

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The early versions of _____ let Web page designers create text-based electronic documents with headings, title bar titles, bullets, lines, and ordered lists.

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anchor

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In HTML, hyperlinks are created using the HTML _____ tag.

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intranet

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A(n) _____ is an interconnected network, usually one that uses the TCP/IP protocol set, and does not extend beyond the organization that created it.

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VPN

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A(n) _____ is like a separate, covered commuter lane on a highway (the Internet) in which passengers are protected from being seen by the vehicles traveling in the other lanes.

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virtual private network.

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An extranet that uses public networks and their protocols to send sensitive data to partners, customers, suppliers, and employees using a system called IP tunneling or encapsulation is known as a _____.

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color settings on computer monitors vary widely

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One problem that the Web presents for clothing retailers of all types is that ____.

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Buy.com

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____ is an example of a company that operates as a Web-based deep discounter.

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LexisNexis

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____ began as a legal research tool, and it has been available as an online product for years.

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ProQuest

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____ has its roots in two businesses: the former Bell and Howell, and University Microfilms International.

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stickiness

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The ____ of a Web site is its ability to keep visitors at the site and attract repeat visitors.

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mixed advertising-subscription

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The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal use the ____ revenue model.

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Sabre Travel Network

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Travel agents have used networked computers, such as the ____ system, for years.

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fee-for-transaction

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Stock brokerage firms use a(n) ____ revenue model, which allow them to charge their customers a commission for each trade executed.

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1970s

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The U.S. government deregulated the securities trading business in the early ____.

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security

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The greatest concerns that most people have when they consider moving their financial transactions to the Web are ____ and reliability.

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Fee-for-service

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____ revenue models range from games and entertainment to financial advice and the professional services of accountants, lawyers, and physicians.

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Entertainment Software Association

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The ____ is an industry group that tracks computer and video game use.

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State Laws

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____ have been one of the main forces preventing U.S. professionals from extending their practices on the Web.

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cannibalization

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Channel conflict is also referred to as ____.

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strategic alliances

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An increasing number of businesses are forming ____ to sell on the Web.

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Web presence

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Creating an effective ____ can be critical even for the smallest and newest firms operating on the Web.

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information dissemination

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A key goal for the Web sites of many not-for-profit organizations is ____.

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flexibility

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One of the best ways to accommodate a broad range of visitor needs is to build ____ into the Web site's interface.

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loyalty

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A seller can create value in a customer relationship by nurturing the customer's trust and developing it into ____.

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Ben Shneiderman

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Two pioneers of usability testing are ____ and Jakob Nielsen.

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Usability

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____ is an important element of creating an effective Web presence.

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mass media

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In the ____ approach, firms prepare advertising and promotional materials about the firm and its products or services.

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Addressable media

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____ are advertising efforts directed to a known addressee and include mail, telephone calls, and e-mail.

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communication modes

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Personal contact and mass media approaches are often called ____.

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The hard middle

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____ refers to markets that are too small to justify a mass media campaign, yet too large to cover using personal contact.

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product, price, promotion, and place

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The four Ps of marketing include ____.

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Staples

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____ uses product categories as a very strong organizing theme in the design of their Web sites.

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intermediate

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The Web is a(n) ____ step between mass media and personal contact.

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shopping cart

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A ____ is the part of a Web site that keeps track of selected items for purchase and automates the purchasing process.

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connectors

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One group of active Internet users, ____, are intensive users of chat rooms, instant messaging services, electronic greeting card sites, and Web-based e-mail.

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touchpoints

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Online and offline customer contact points are often called ____.

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retained customers

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Customers who return to the site one or more times after making their first purchases are called ____.

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banner exchange network

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A ____ coordinates ad sharing so that other sites run one company's ad while that company's site runs other exchange members' ads.

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Active

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____ ads generate graphical activity that "floats" over the Web page itself instead of opening in a separate window.

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visit

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A(n) ____ occurs when a visitor requests a page from the Web site.

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trail visit

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The first time that a particular visitor loads a Web site page is called a ____.

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count

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Some Web pages have banner ads that continue to load and reload as long as the page is open in the visitor's Web browser. Each time the banner ad loads is a(n) ____.

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permission

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The marketing strategy that includes the practice of sending e-mail messages to people who have requested information on a particular topic or product is part of ____ marketing.

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conversion

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The ____ rate of an advertising method is the percentage of recipients who respond to an ad or promotion.

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customer relationship management

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Technology-enabled relationship management is often called ____.

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clickstream

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The information that a Web site can gather about its visitors is called a(n) ____.

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marketspace

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Researchers Jeffrey Rayport and John Sviolka distinguish between commerce in the physical world, and commerce in the information world, which they term the ____.

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perceived value

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One of the key elements of a brand is ____.

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Product differentiation

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____ is the first condition that must be met to create a product or service brand.

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Relevance

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____ is the degree to which the product offers utility to a potential customer.

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brand

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According to Ted Leonhardt, a ____ is an emotional shortcut between a company and its customer.

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emotional

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Companies have traditionally used ____ appeals in their advertising and promotion efforts to establish and maintain brands.

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URL

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A company's ____ should always be included on product packaging and in mass media advertising on radio, television, and in print.

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affiliate

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A(n) ____ saves the expense of handling inventory, advertising and promoting the product, and processing the transaction.

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sponsoring

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In cause marketing, when visitors click a link on the affiliate's Web page, a donation is made by a(n) ____ company.

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Procurement

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The term _____ generally includes all purchasing activities, plus the monitoring of all elements of purchase transactions.

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Logistic

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_____ activities include managing the inbound movements of materials and supplies and the outbound movements of finished goods and services.

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Logistics

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The classic objective of _____ is to provide the right goods in the right quantities in the right place at the right time.

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Training

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One common support activity that underlies multiple primary activities is _____.

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Knowledge Management

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_____ is the intentional collection, classification, and dissemination of information about a company, its products, and its processes.

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Network

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One trend that is becoming clear in purchasing, logistics, and support activities is the shift away from hierarchical structures toward _____ structures.

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economic organization

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The Web is enabling this shift from hierarchical to network forms of _____.

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Electronic Data Interchange

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The roots of Web technology for business-to-business transactions lie in a hierarchically structured approach to inter firm information transfer called_____.

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Electronic Data Interchange

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EDI is the acronym for _____.

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Trading Partners

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With respect to EDIs, the two businesses that exchange information are called _____.

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EDI Compatible

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Firms that exchange data in specific standard formats are said to be _____.

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ANSI

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The _____ has been the coordinating body for standards in the U.S. since 1918.

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ASC X12

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In 1979, ANSI chartered a new committee to develop uniform EDI standards. This committee is called the _____.

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Direct Connection EDI

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_____ requires each business in the network to operate its own on-site EDI translator computer.

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EDI Translator

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To use the services of a VAN, a company must install _____ software that is compatible with the VAN.

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Indirect Connection EDI

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_____ allows trading partners to pass messages through the VAN instead of connecting their computers directly to each other.

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Nonrepudiation

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Because EDI transactions are business contracts and often involve large amounts of money, the issue of _____ is significant.

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Open EDI

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EDI on the Internet is also called _____.

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Supply Chain Management

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When companies integrate their supply management and logistics actives across multiple participants in a particular product's supply chain, the job of managing that integration is called _____.

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Supply Alliances

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The long-term relationships that are created among participants in the supply chain are called _____.

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Trust

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The major issue that most companies must deal with in forming supply chain alliances is developing _____.

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Private Store

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A(n) _____ has a password-protected entrance and offers negotiated price reductions on a limited select of products.

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Private Company Marketplace

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A _____ is a marketplace that provides auctions, request for quote postings, and other features to companies that want to operate their own marketplaces.

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Industry Consortia-Sponsored Marketplace

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A(n) _____ is a marketplace formed by several large buyers in a particular industry.

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Tier-One Suppliers

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Business that engage in supply chain management work to establish long-term relationships with a small number of very capable suppliers called _____.

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Bulletin Board Systems

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_____ were computers that allowed users to connect through modems (using dial-up connections through telephone lines) to read and post messages in a common area.

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Online Community

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A(n) _____ is a gathering place for people and businesses that does not have a physical existence.

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Social Networking

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A(n) _____ site is a Web site that allows individuals to create and publish a profile, create a list of other users with whom they share a connection (or connections), control that list, and monitor similar lists made by other users.

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Participatory

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The trend toward having readers help write the online newspaper is called _____ journalism.

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500

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The earliest written records of auctions are from Babylon and date from _____ B.C.

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Sotheby's

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The 18th century saw the birth of two British auction houses, _____ in 1744 and Christie's in 1766.

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Bids

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_____ are the prices that potential buyers in an auction are willing to pay for an item.

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Auctioneer

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The whole auction process is managed by a(n) _____.

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Shill Bidders

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In some auctions, _____, employed by the seller or the auctioneer, can make bids on behalf of the seller.

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Open Auction

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An English auction is sometimes called a(n) _____ because the bids are publicly announced.

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Dutch

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The _____ auction is a form of open auction in which bidding starts at a high price and drops until a bidder accepts the price.

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Sealed-Bid

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In _____ auctions, bidders submit their bids independently and are usually prohibited from sharing information with each other.

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Highest

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In a first-price sealed-bid auction, the _____ bidder wins.

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Vickrey

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Second-price sealed-bid auctions are commonly called _____ auctions.

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Double

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In a(n) _____ auction, buyers and sellers each submit combined price-quantity buds to an auctioneer.

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Open-Outcry Double

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The Chicago Board of Trade conducts _____ auctions of commodity futures and stock options.

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Sealed-Bid Double

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The New York Stock Exchange conducts _____ auctions of stocks and bonds in which the auctioneer, called a specialist, manages the market for a particular stock or bond issue.

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English

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The most common format used on eBay is a computerized version of the _____ auction.

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Minimum Bid Increment

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A _____ is the amount by which one bid must exceed the previous bid.

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Escrow

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In an auction, a third-party _____ service can be used to hold the buyer's payment until he or she receives and is satisfied with the purchased item.

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Lock-In Effect

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Existing auction sites, such as eBay, are inherently more valuable to customers than new auction sites. This is called a(n) _____.

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Seller-Bid

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Many people think of Priceline.com as a _____ auction site.

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Liquidation Specialists

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Large companies sometimes have _____ who find buyers for unusable inventory items.

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Liquidation Brokers

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Smaller businesses often sell their unusable and excess inventory to _____, which are firms that find buyers for these items.

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Auction Consignment Services

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Companies, called _____ take an item and create an online auction for that item, handle the transaction, and remit the balance of the proceeds after deducting a fee.

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Territorial Borders

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_____ mark the range of culture and reach of applicable laws very clearly.

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Power

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_____ is a form of control over physical space and the people and objects that reside in that space, and is a defining characteristic of statehood.

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Jurisdiction

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The ability of a government to exert control over a person or corporation is called _____.

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Geographic

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The level of power asserted by a government is limited to that which is accepted by the culture that exists within its _____ boundaries.

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Legitimacy

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_____ is the idea that those subject to laws should have some role in formulating them.

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Constructive Notice

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People receive _____ that they have become subject to new laws and cultural norms when they cross international border.

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Tort

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A _____ is an intentional or negligent action taken by a legal entity that causes harm to another legal entity.

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Subject-Matter Jurisdiction

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_____ is a court's authority to decide a particular type of dispute.

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Subject-Matter Jurisdiction

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In the United States, federal courts have _____ over issues governed by federal law.

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Forum Selection

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A _____ clause is a statement that the contract will be enforced according to the laws of a particular state.

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Long-Arm Statutes

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The details of _____ vary from state to state, but generally create personal jurisdiction over nonresidents who transact business or commit tortious acts in the state.

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Offer

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A(n) _____ is a commitment with certain terms made to another party.

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Acceptance

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A(n) _____ is the expression of willingness to take an offer, including all of tis stated terms.

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Implied Contract

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A(n) _____ can be formed by two or more parties that act as if a contract exists, even if no contract has been written and signed.

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Signature

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A(n) _____ is any symbol executed or adopted for the purpose of authenticating a writing.

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Warranty Disclaimer

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A(n) _____ is a statement declaring that the seller will not honor some or all implied warranties.

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WIPO

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Disputes that arise when one person has registered a domain name that is an existing trademark or company name are settled by _____.

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Domain Name Ownership Change

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_____ occurs when owner information maintained by a public domain registrar is changed in the registrar's database to reflect a new owner's name and business address.

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Watermark

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A _____ is a digital code or stream embedded undetectably in a digital image or audio file.

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Defamatory

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A _____ statement is a statement that is false and that injures the reputation of another person or company.

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Product Disparagement

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If a statement injures the reputation of a product or service instead of a person, it is called _____.

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Opt-In

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In a(n) _____ policy approach, the company collating the information does not use the information for any other purpose unless the customer specially chooses to allow that use.

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Nexus

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If a company undertakes sufficient activities in a particular country, it establishes _____ with that country and becomes liable for filing tax returns in that country.

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Use

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A(n) _____ tax is a tax levied by a state on property used in that state that was not purchased in that state.

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VAT

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A(n) _____ is assessed on the amount of value added at each stage of production.

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Dynamic

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_____ content is non static information constructed in response to a Web client's request.

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Dynamic Page

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A _____ is a web page whose content is shaped by a program in response to user requests.

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Static

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A _____ page is an unchanging page retrieved from a file on a Web server.

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ASP

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Microsoft developed the first widely used server-side dynamic page-generation technology called _____.

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JSP

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_____ is the dynamic page-generation technology developed by Sun Microsystems.

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Request Line

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In a client/server architecture, a(n) _____ contains a command, the name of the target resource, and the protocol name and version number.

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Entity Body

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In a client/server architecture, an optional _____ is sometimes used to pas bulk information to the server.

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Header Line

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A response _____ indicates the HTTP version used by the server, the status of the response, and an explanation of the status information.

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UNIX

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_____ - based machines are more popular, and many believe to be more secure than Microsoft Web server products.

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Netcraft

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Which of the following continually conducts surveys to tally the number of Web sites in existence and measure the relative popularity of Internet Web server software?

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Apache HTTP

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_____ Server has dominated the Web since 1996 because it is free and performs very efficiently.

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Computer Virus

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A(n) _____ is a program that attaches itself to another program and can cause damage when the host program is activated.

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90

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More than _____ percent of all e-mail messages (including messages transmitted to both business and personal users) will continue to be spam until effective technical solutions can be implemented.

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Spam

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_____ is also known as unsolicited commercial e-mail.

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White List

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A _____ spam filter examines From addresses and compares them to a list of known good sender addresses.

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Ping

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A program called _____ tests the connectivity between two computers connected to the Internet.

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Tracert

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_____ sends data packets to every computer on the path between one computer and another and clocks the packet's round-trip-times.

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Route-Tracing

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Network engineers can use _____ programs to determine the location of the greatest delays on the Internet.

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Telnet

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_____ is a program that allows a person using on e computer to access files and run programs on a second computer that is connected to the Internet.

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FTP

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The _____ is the part of the TCP/IP rules that defines the formats used to transfer files between TCP/IP-connected computers.

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Full-Privilege

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An FTP connection to a commuter on which the user has an account is called _____ FTP.

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Orphan

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A(n) _____ file is a file on a Web site that is not linked to any page.

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Benchmarking

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_____ is testing used to compare the performance of hardware and software.

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Throughput

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_____ is the number of HTTP requests that a particular hardware and software combination can process in a unit of time.

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Mindcraft

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Independent testing labs such as _____ test software, hardware systems, and network products for users.

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Commerce Service Providers

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_____ often offer Web server management and rent application software to businesses.

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Managed

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Commerce service providers are also called _____ service providers.

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Catalog

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A _____ is a listing of goods and services.

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Filling Out Online Forms

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In the early days of electronic commerce, shoppers deleted items they wanted to purchase by _____.

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Billing

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In a shopping cart, clicking the Checkout button usually displays a screen that asks for _____ and shipping information.

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Stateless

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The Web is a _____ system, unable to remember anything from one transmission or session to another.

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Cookies

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One way to uniquely identify users and store information about their choices is to create and store _____.

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Transaction Processing

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_____ occurs when the shopper proceeds to the virtual checkout counter by clicking a checkout button.

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Distributed

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Large information systems that store the same data in many different physical locations are called _____.

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Component-Based

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Application servers are usually grouped into two types: page-based and _____ systems.

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Application Integration

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_____ is accomplished by programs that transfer information from one application to another.

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Component-Based

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Larger businesses often prefer to use a _____ application system that separates the presentation logic from the business logic.

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ERP

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_____ software packages are business systems that integrate all facets of a business, including accounting, logistics, manufacturing, planning, project management, and treasury functions.

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Enterprise Resource Planning

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ERP is the acronym for _____.

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Web Services

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The W3C defines _____ as software systems that support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.

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SOAP

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_____ is a message passing protocol that defines how to send marked-up data from one software application to another across a network.

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WSDL

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_____ is used to describe the characteristics of the logic units that make up specific Web services.

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Mall-Style

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_____ CSPs provide small business with an Internet connection, Web site creation tools, and little or no banner advertising clutter.

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Data Mining

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_____ can help businesses find customers with common interest and discover previously unknown relationships among the data.

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Midrange

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_____ packages allow the merchant to have explicit control over merchandising choices, site layout, internal architecture, and remote and local management options.

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IBM

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WeSphere Commerce Suite is produced by _____.

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Microsoft

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Commerce Server is produced by _____.

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Enterprise-Class

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_____ software typically provides tools for linking to an supporting supply and purchasing activities.

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Knowledge Management

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_____ software often includes powerful search tools that use proprietary semantic and statistical algorithms to help users find the content, human experts, and other resources that can aid them in their research and decision-maing tasks.

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Knowledge Management

answer

_____ software is designed to help businesses mange the information in documents, rather than the documents themselves.

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