question

Whether we see drug use as a prolblem depends on all of the following except: (E)

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A)the reason one takes a drug B)the quantity consumed and the manner by which one takes the drug C)when and where the drug is used D)the age of the individual taking the drug E)whether the drug is natural or synthetic

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In reference to psychoactive drug use, it is important to recognize that: (B)

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A)drugs can have negative effects only B)one's history and expectations influence how one is affected by a drug C)drugs usually have only one effect D)legal drugs are rarely abused E)a drug's effects are independent of one's attitude toward the drug

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If the 1970s were the decade of the hippie, then the 1980s were the decade of the (D)

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A) Aquarian ethics B) Democratic party C) Protestant ethics D) Yuppie E) Libertarian Party

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With the exclusion of cigarettes, most high school seniors: (A)

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A) rarely use drugs daily B) use alcohol daily C) use marijuana daily D) use birth control pills daily E) use tranquilizers daily

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The highest rates of illicit drug use are in the () age group

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18 to 25

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Drug use is positively correlated with

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rejection of traditional cultural systems

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drug use by adolescents is

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most affected by peer drug use

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One common reason why some people begin to take illegal drugs is

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that they have chosen to identify with a deviant subculture

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The first of the pharmacological revolutions was associated wiht the development of

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vaccines

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The age group that is least likely to have used alcohol in the previous 30 days is

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12 to 17

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Which of the following is an example of behavioral toxicity?

answer

driving inattentively after smoking marijuana

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The acronym DAWN refers to

answer

Drug Abuse Warning Network

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The purpose of DAWN is to

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collect data on drug-related crises

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An experiment in which rats were allowed to self-inject drugs showed that the rats

answer

were more likely to die form cocaine than heroin

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Which of the following drugs is most clearly linked to violent crime (d)

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a. heroin b. cocaine c. amphetamines d. alcohol e. LSD

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Alcohol use is associated with

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three-fifths of all murders 40% of all assualts one-third of forcible rape and child molestation 50% committing violent crime when under the influence of alcohol or alcohol and other drugs (ALL OF THE ABOVE)

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The majority of narcotic addicts

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begin criminal activity before becoming addicted

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The number of people in the US arrested for drug-law violations each year is

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1,000,000

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Most legislation regarding drugs is passed in Congress based on

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emotionality (not scientific facts, rational arugments, public health needs or protecting the elderly as well as children)

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About half o the emergency room episodes and three fourths of the drug related deaths are associated with

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multiple drug episodes

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All of the following are types of prevention except: (behavior-attitude prevention)

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primary prevention secondary prevention tertiary prevention

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The goal fo education programs is to

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impart knowledge

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All of the following are key elements of the social influence model except: use of scare tactics

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training refusal skills countering advertising use of teen leaders

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The Letters in DARE stand for

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Drug Abuse Resistance Education

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The main benefits of extracurricular peer approaches to drug prevention include:

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Higher self-esteem

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In the year 1989, rules went into effect requiring all companies and organizations that obtain grants from the federal government to adopt a "drug-free workplace" plan

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1989

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Primary prevention programs are those aimed mainly at:

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people who have not yet tried the substances in question

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Tertiary prevention programs are those aimed mainly at

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people who have been treated for substance abuse or has stopped the substance abuse without assistance

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Secondary prevention programs are those aimed mainly at

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People who have tried the drug in question or a variety of other substances

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In the late 1800's prohibition was viewed as

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a way of strikign back at ethnic groups undermining the good and true life

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In 1918 Mississippi became the first state to ratify the Eighteenth Amendment and in 1919 Nebraska was the 36th state to ratify it

answer

...

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After Prohibition first went into effect

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deaths from alcohol declined sharply

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The last state to allow sales of liquor after prohibition ended was:

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Mississippi

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The minimum age to purchase alcoholic beverages was set at 21 inmost states before 1970

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21

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The country with the highest rate of alcohol consumption per capita is France

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France

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Naltrexone, a narcotic antagonist

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reduces craving for alcohol was approved by the FDA in 1994 for the treatment of alcoholism

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Disulfiram (antabuse):

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a) has the effects that last for only 4-6 hours b) is a sedative used as an alcohol substitute c) is a very safe treatment method d) inhibits the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase e) prevents alcohol from having any effect on the driver

question

Jellinek's theory is that alcoholism is

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a progressive disease that follows seveal predictable stages

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Alcoholics Anonymous believes that alcoholism

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is a disease

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In American beer the primary grain is

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barley

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the process by which alcohol concentration is increased to more than 15%

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distillation

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The word "brandy" is a dutch word meaning:

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burnt wine

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In most commercial beers today, alcohol content is a little over

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4%

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Between 1935 and 1980, the number of breweries:

answer

decreased

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Of the following countries, which one has the highest per capita of beer consumption

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West Germany

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Wines that are varietals

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are named after one variety of grape which makes up 51% of the wine

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When corn constitutes more than 51% of the grain in a mash, the liquore is called

answer

bourbon

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Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can include

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tremors insomnia, feelings of unreality convulsions hallucinations (all of the above)

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Alcohol has been shown to

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decrease testosterone production

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The first time a regulatory tax was placed on crude opium in the US was

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1842

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The problems that fueled the passage of early legislation in the US included the following except

answer

the Whiskey Rebellion

question

Initially, the Pure Food and Drug act of 1906 was administered within the

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Department of Agriculture

question

In 1912, Congress passed the Sherley Amendment, which:

answer

outlawed false and fraudulent therapeutic claims by patent medicine manufacturers

question

The 1962 Kefauver-Harris amendments were approved after babies were born with deformities as a result of

answer

Thalidomide

question

In what year did the FDA begin to require that a new drug be demonstrated to be effective before it coudl be marketed?

answer

1962

question

Who was the Commissioner of the Bureau of Narcotics for over 30 years

answer

Harry Anslinger

question

The Drug Abuse Control Amendments of 1965 was designed to control the following except

answer

alcohol

question

Most drug screening programs test

answer

urine

question

Thirty years ago, when people spoke of addiction they were most likely thinking of

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Heroin

question

The three basic processes related to the concept of addiction are

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tolerance, physical dependence, reinforcement

question

Tolerance refers to

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the diminishing effect of a drug as a result of repeated exposure to the same dose of the drug

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Withdrawal syndrome refers to

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a set of symptoms that appear when drug usage stops

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The driving force behind narcotic addiction, according to the authors is

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the reinforcing effect of a drug rather than fear of withdrawal

question

In relation to physical dependence, psychological dependence is

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a greater problem, since many addicts have gone through withdrawal will later relpase

question

Which of the following statements is true

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Some drugs are more likely than others to result in addiction There is no clear distincition between drugs tha tare addicting and those that are not It is wrong to conclude that any activity by its nature is always addicting Those seeking prohibition of drugs tend to demonize drugs they want prohibited

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Synanon believes that narcotic addicts

answer

are never cured

question

If one beleives alcoholism is a disease, then the only acceptable goal is

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total abstinence

question

Syanon

answer

maintains an open-door policy

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Hormones are carried by the blood to distant

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target cells

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Hormones are released into the blood, and neurotrnasmitters are released into the synapse

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blood and synapse

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Chemicals released from neurons (nerve cells) are called:

answer

neurotransmitters

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Gama-aminobutyric acide is an inhibitory neurotransmitter

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gama-aminobutyric acid

question

The central nervous system consists of

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the brain and spinal cord

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The neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular juncitons in the somatic system is

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acetylcholine

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the basal ganglia is important for

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maintaining proper muscle tone

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Patients who died from Alzheimers disease were found to have less than a ormal amount of

answer

acetylcholine

question

the neurotransmitter(s) believed to play a role in pain relife is/are:

answer

endorphins

question

Both the synthesis and metabolism of a neurotransmitter is carried out by means of

answer

enzymes

question

The sales of pharaceutical industry exceeds 40 billion per year

answer

40 billion

question

A substance canb e patented when

answer

it has a new chemical structure a chemical is manufactured in a new way a new use for a chemical is discovered

question

At moderate doses, stimulants can produce

answer

wakefulness and a sense of well-being

question

at low doses, opiates can produce

answer

a relaxed dreamlike state

question

major tranquilizers are nwo referred to as

answer

antipsychotics

question

the therapeutic index is

answer

always greater than one LD50/ED50

question

The safety margin of a drug is measured by the:

answer

difference between the effective dose level and the lowest toxic dose

question

Drug absorption is most rapid when the intramuscular injection is given into the

answer

deltoid muscle

question

The fastest method by which the drug is delivered to the brain is

answer

inhalation

question

The reduced effect of a drug that may result from more rapid metabolism or excretion of the drug is referred to as

answer

drug disposition tolerance

question

The widespread introduction of cocaine into West Europe and the US first occurred

answer

in the last century

question

The scientist who experimented with the ability of cocaine to produce local anethesia

answer

W.S. Halstead

question

Speedball is generally the combination of

answer

heroin and cocaine

question

IN the 1960s, cocaine became popular again because

answer

amphetamines became harder to obatin

question

In South America, a popular way to use cocaine is

answer

coca paste

question

Crack is

answer

cocaine mixed with baking soda

question

Cocaine's behavior effects are believed to depend on blocking the reuptake of

answer

dopamine and serotonin

question

Animal experiments with rats and monkeys have demonstrated that

answer

cocaine has powerful reinforcing properties these animals will rapidly learn to press levers to receive cocaine

question

A smokeable form of methamphetamine is referred to as

answer

ice

question

the current drug of choice for treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is

answer

methylphenidate

question

the most widely-used sedative-hypnotic drug is alcohol

answer

alcohol

question

the nonbarbiturate paraldehyde is not used because

answer

it has a noxious taste and odor

question

Drugs used to induce sleep are called

answer

hypnotics

question

a popular sedative that was introduced in 1960

answer

chlordiazepoxide

question

Antianxiety drugs became very popular in the 1950's. One extremely popular antianxiety drug was Miltown, generically known as

answer

meprobamate

question

Quaalude and Sopor were brand names for

answer

methaqualone

question

Methaqualone is now listed as a Schedule I drug

answer

Schedule 1: Methaqualone

question

The combined sales of the benzodiazepines make them easily the most widely prescribed drug class

answer

benzodiazepines

question

If one has trouble falling to sleep, one should

answer

exercise regularly

question

The following are abused as inhalants except

answer

detergents

question

The DSM-IV nwo refers to neurosis as

answer

anxiety disorder

question

Bipolar depression is a mood disorder

answer

characterized by manic-depressive

question

General paresis refers to

answer

a syphilitic infection of the nervous system

question

IN 1933 to help schizophrenic patients, Sakel used

answer

insulin

question

Ugo Cerletti introduced electroconvulsive therapy (ECT to treat

answer

schizophrenia

question

Phenothiazines are now referred to as

answer

Antipsychotics

question

Indivdiuals who use antipsychotic drugs may

answer

exhibit photosensitivity and jaundice

question

More than half of hte prescribed antidepressants

answer

are prescribed by nonpsychiatrists

question

Lithium was demonstrated to be effective on

answer

manic patients

question

About 33% of the homeless people in the US have some form of mental illness

answer

33%

question

"The way to tell whether a man is having drinking problems is to ask..."

answer

The BEST answer is "whether he has tried several times without success to reduce his drinking." Having trouble controlling or cutting down on use appears in the textbook definition of drug dependence, page 6, the chapter 1 summary, page 23, and the chapter 1 study guide. No number or type of drinks is a reliable gauge of whether a person is having drinking problems. The absence of numbers of drinks or doses of drugs can also be seen in the criteria used to diagnose substance disorders, page 38.

question

The statement that psychoactive (or mood-altering) drugs in any form are bad is erroneous. Drugs are "good" or "bad" not exactly because of their chemical properties but rather because of their actual effects in users and other people. For example, alcohol helps Mary with her shyness in social settings while it leads Sam to miss an exam because of a hangover. Review the four principles of psychoactive drugs in chapter 1.

answer

...

question

Psychoactive drugs have effects not only on the brain but also on other body organs. For example, smoking tobacco harms the lungs, smoking marijuana increases the heart rate, and drinking alcohol impairs the liver. On page 10 of the text glossary, psychoactive drugs have their principal effect on the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord.

answer

...

question

Although we may think that drug users are "ignorant" of risks, they are actually more likely to downplay the risks of drug use. Most people tend to think they drive better than everyone else does, for example. Review the role of "risk perception", which was mentioned in chapter 3 study guide, in human behavior.

answer

...

question

While some people assume that the dependence potential is high for all psychoactive drugs, it is not rated as "high" for alcohol, marijuana, or hallucinogens. See text table 2.3 and the chart inside back cover.

answer

...

question

Withdrawal symptoms in a drug quitter are a sign of physical rather than psychological drug dependence. Review pages 37-39.

answer

...

question

Despite years of much effort and expense, the US national drug control policy has been unable to reduce the overall amount of drug abuse significantly.

answer

...

question

When 2 or more psychoactive drugs are consumed together, the most serious risk from their "interaction" is on breathing, which can slow down to the point of starving the brain of oxygen. Blood pressure or circulation may also be at risk, but respiration is the function in the most danger. See text page 117.

answer

...

question

Impairment during drinking and driving incidents can decrease over time because of increased tolerance. This statement assumes that persons continue to drink and drive during long periods, which is a reasonable assumption to make. Tolerance is the reduced effectiveness of a drug after repeated use. Think of the person who "can drink me under the table." As drinkers gain more "tolerance" to alcohol over time, the negative effects of drinking on their driving can decline. See text page 119

answer

...

question

hol does not distribute much into fatty tissues, as stated in the textbook and the chapter 9 study guide. This physiologic fact helps to explain why people with a "skinny" appearance generally become intoxicated slower than people with a "fatty" one.

answer

...

question

As explained in the textbook section on blood alcohol concentration and metabolism, a standard drink has ½ ounce of ethanol, and the body eliminates ¼ ounce of ethanol per hour. Therefore, in the words of the text author, "If you drink faster than one drink every two hours, your BAC will climb."

answer

...

question

Overall, the dependence risk from alcohol use is MODERATE, as stated in the textbook inside back cover, the chapter 9 study guide, and elsewhere. It is neither low nor high but moderate.

answer

...

question

When US deaths are classified and ranked according to the contributions of alcohol and other drugs, tobacco causes the most deaths, followed by alcohol, and then all other drugs. Some of the "all other drugs" are cocaine, heroin, and tranquilizers. This information is available in the textbook (page 32) and the chapter 9 study guide.

answer

...

question

Alcohol ranks second after tobacco and before drugs in annual deaths - after tobacco and other drugs

answer

...

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