DNA structure and replication – Flashcards
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Messenger RNA
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The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide
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RNA polymerase
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Untwist a portion of the DNA double helix
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the promoter
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The region of the DNA at which the process of transcription begins
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DNA
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Double helix
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RNA
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Uracil takes the place of thymine
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5'->3'
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The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript
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20
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Amount of amino acids common to all living systems
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The production of a longer RNA molecule
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The result of the absence of a terminator in transcription
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A strand of DNA sequence of AAGCTC, transcription result
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Single strand RNA strand with the sequence UUCGAG
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Extra nucleotides
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RNA processing involves the addition of _______ to the ends of the RNA transcript.
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Exons
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The RNA segments spliced to one another during RNA processing
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Cytoplasm
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where translation occurs
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Ribosomes
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The site of translation, found in the cytoplasm
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RNA polymerase starts when the enzyme attaches to a certain nucleotide sequence called a prompter at the beginning of a gene
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How does RNA polymerase know where to start transcribing a gene into mRNA?
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Mutations affect on an organism
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Cause the development of disease-causing allele
Cause the development of more beneficial allele
In some case, not have a noticeable affect
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DNA polymerase
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Make very few mistakes
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a G paired with a T
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Indication of a base pairing mutation in DNA
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From DNA to RNA to protein
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The flow of information in a cell
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AGU
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The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with what anticodon?
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tRNA......codon
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The anticodon of an incoming ____ molecule, carrying it's amino acids, pairs with the mRNA ____ at the ribosomes.
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Initiation, elongation, and termination
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Three phases of translation
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Transcription
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The transfer of information from DNA to an RNA molecule
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transcription
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The process by which a DNA template is used for the manufacture of several different types of RNA
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Translation
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The process by which information encoded in RNA is used to manufacture a polypeptide
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RNA processing
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Edits the RNA transcript that has been assembled along a DNA template
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Amino acids
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Assemble polypeptides
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Proteins
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Composed of amino acid monomers
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mRNA
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RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.
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a cap and tail
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Protects mRNA from attack by cellular enzymes
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Phenotype
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Name given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism
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Codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation
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During translation, the correct order of events that occur as an amino acid is added
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Translation
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The following process occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell
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Amino acids
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Form between peptide bonds
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Promoter
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amino acids the region of DNA where RNA synthesis begins
