Discovering Computers 2016 Chapter 8 – Flashcards
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access time
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The amount of time it takes a storage device (1) to locate an item on a storage medium or (2) to deliver an item from memory to the processor.
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archival backup
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Backup method that provides the best protection against data loss because it copies all program and data files. Also called full backup.
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Blu-ray
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A more expensive DVD format that has a higher capacity and better quality than standard DVDs, especially for high-definition audio and video.
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burning
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The process of writing on an optical disc.
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capacity
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The number of bytes (characters) a storage medium can hold.
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card reader/writer
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A device that reads from and writes on memory cards.
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CD-R
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CD-recordable; optical disc on which users can write once, but not erase, their own items, such as text, graphics, and audio.
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CD-ROM
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CD-read-only memory; type of optical disc that users can read but not write on (record) or erase.
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CD-RW
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CD-rewritable; erasable multisession disc users can write on multiple times.
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CF
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Compact Flash: A type of memory card.
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cloud storage
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An Internet service that provides remote storage to computer users.
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controller
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A special-purpose chip and electronic circuits that control the transfer of data, instructions, and information from a drive to and from the system bus and other components in the computer. Formerly called a disk controller.
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Creative Commons
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Nonprofit organization that provides several standard licensing options that owners of creative works may specify when granting permission for others to use their digital content.
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density
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The number of bits in an area on a storage medium.
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differential backup
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Backup method that copies only the files that have changed since the last full backup. (or) Fast backup method that requires minimal storage space to back up.
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DVD+R
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DVD-recordable WORM formats, on which users can write once but not erase their own items, including video, audio, photos, graphics, and text.
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DVD+RAM
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DVD-rewritable formats that users can write on multiple times.
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DVD+RW
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DVD-rewritable formats that users can write on multiple times.
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DVD-R
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DVD-recordable WORM formats, on which users can write once but not erase their own items, including video, audio, photos, graphics, and text.
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DVD-ROM
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DVD-read-only memory; a high-capacity optical disc that users can read but not write on or erase.
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DVD-RW
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DVD-rewritable formats that users can write on multiple times.
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EIDE
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Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics; interface that uses parallel signals to transfer data, instructions, and information.
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eSATA
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External SATA; interface used with external drives and that is much faster than USB.
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external hard drive
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A separate freestanding storage device that connects with a cable to a USB port or other port on a computer or mobile device.
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Fibre Channel (FC)
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Interface often used in enterprise storage because it has much faster transmissions rates than SCSI and other interfaces.
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formatting
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The process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors so that the operating system can store and locate data and information on the disk.
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GBps
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Gigabytes per second.
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geofence
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Virtual perimeter or boundary to disable certain apps or cameras in secure areas, such as labs or meeting rooms.
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gigabyte (GB)
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One billion characters.
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hard disk drive (HDD)
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Storage device that includes one or more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information.
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Term used to refer collectively to hard disks and SSDs.
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head crash
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Type of hard disk failure that occurs when a read/write head touches the surface of a platter.
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incremental backup
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Fastest backup method that requires minimal storage space to back up because only most recent changes are saved. (or) Backup method that copies only the files that have changed since the last full or incremental backup.
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jewel case
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Protective case for storing optical discs.
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KBps
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Kilobytes per second.
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longitudinal recording
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Storage technique in which magnetic particles are aligned horizontally around the surface of the disk.
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magnetic stripe card
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A credit card, entertainment card, bank card, or other similar card with a stripe that contains information identifying you and the card.
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MBps
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Megabytes per second.
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megabyte (MB)
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One million characters.
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memory card
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Removable flash memory, usually no bigger than 1.5 inches in height or width, that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer, mobile device, or card/reader writer.
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M2
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Memory Stick Micro: A type of memory card.
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mini disc
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Optical disc used in some game consoles and mobile devices that has a diameter of 3 inches of less.
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mirroring
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RAID storage design that writes data on two disks at the same time to duplicate the data.. Also called level 1.
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multisession
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Optical disc that can be written on more than once, allowing users to save additional data on the disc at a later time.
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network attached storage (NAS)
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A server that is placed on a network with the sole purpose of providing storage to users, computers, and devices attached to the network. Also called storage appliance.
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NFC tag
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Tag that contains a chip and an antenna that contains information to be transmitted.
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optical disc
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Type of storage medium that consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read by a laser.
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outsourcing
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The practice of off-loading some or all storage management to an outside organization or a cloud storage provider.
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perpendicular recording
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Storage technique in which magnetic particles are aligned vertically, or perpendicular to the disk's surface, making much greater storage capacities possible.
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personal cloud
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Networked hard drive connected directly to a router, allowing access to files over the Internet.
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photo CD
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CDs that contain only photos.
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platter
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Component of a hard disk that is made of aluminum, glass, or ceramic and is coated with an alloy material that allows items to be recorded magnetically on its surface.
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RAID
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Redundant array of independent disks; a group of two or more integrated hard drives.
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random access
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Access method where a device can locate a particular data item or file immediately, without having to move consecutively through items stored in front of the desired data item or file. Also called direct access.
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read/write head
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The mechanism that reads items and writes items in the drive as it barely touches the disk's recording surface.
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reading
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The process of transferring these items from a storage medium into memory.
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redundancy
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Built-in levels of duplicate components used in enterprise hardware that ensures that if one component fails or malfunctions, another can assume its tasks.
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revolutions per minute (rpm)
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The number of times per minute that a hard disk platter rotates.
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RFID tag
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Tag that includes an antenna and a memory chip that contains the information to be transmitted via radio waves.
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ripping
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The process of copying audio and/or video data from a purchased disc and saving it on your own media.
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rpm (revolutions per minute)
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The number of times per minute that a hard disk platter rotates.
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SAN (storage area network)
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A high-speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other attached servers.
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)
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Law that provides financial reporting requirements and guidelines for public companies' retention of business records.
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SAS (serial-attached SCSI)
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A type of SCSI that uses serial signals to transfer data, instructions, and information.
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SATA
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Serial Advanced Technology Attachment; interface that uses serial signals to transfer data, instructions, and information.
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SCSI
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Small Computer System Interface; interface that uses parallel signals and can support up to 8 or 15 peripheral devices.
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secondary storage
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The physical material on which a computer keeps data, information, programs, and applications.
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sectors
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The small arcs into which tracks on a disk are divided.
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selective backup
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Backup method that allows the user to choose specific files to back up, regardless of whether or not the files have changed since the last incremental backup. Also called partial backup.
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sequential access
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Access method where data is read or written consecutively.
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serial-attached SCSI (SAS)
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A type of SCSI that uses serial signals to transfer data, instructions, and information.
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single-session disc
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CD-ROM on which manufacturers write all items at one time.
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skimming
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Crime in which thieves use a handheld device to swipe someone's credit or smart card and then obtain and store account details.
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smart card
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An alternative to a magnetic stripe card, stores data on an integrated circuit embedded in the card. Also called chip card.
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solid-state media
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Media that consist entirely of electronic components, such as integrated circuits, and contain no moving parts.
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SSD (solid-state drive)
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A storage device that typically uses flash memory to store data, instructions, and information, and that contains no moving parts. (or) Flash memory storage device that contains its own processor to manage its storage.
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storage area network (SAN)
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A high-speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to other attached servers.
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storage device
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Device that records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media.
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striping
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Splits data, instructions, and information across multiple drives in the array.
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tape
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A magnetically coated ribbon of plastic that is capable of storing large amounts of data and information at a low cost.
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tape cartridge
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A small, rectangular, plastic housing for tape.
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tape drive
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Drive that reads from and writes on a magnetic tape.
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tape library
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Facility where individual tape cartridges are mounted in a separate cabinet.
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terabyte (TB)
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1 trillion bytes.
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thumb drive
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A portable flash memory storage device that you plug in a USB port. Also called USB flash drive.
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track
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Narrow recording band that forms a full circle on the surface of the disk.
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transfer rate
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The speed with which data, instructions, and information transfer to and from a device.
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WORM
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Write Once, Read Many.
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writing
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The process of transferring data, instructions, and information from memory to a storage medium.
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xD Picture Card
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A type of memory card, typically used with digital cameras
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microSDHC or SDHC
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A type of memory card - Secure Digital High Capacity
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microSDXC or SDXC
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A type of memory card - Secure Digital Expanded Capacity
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miniSD
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A type of memory card, also called micro SD
