Cri Justice week 2-3 – Flashcards
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theory
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A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data
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bentham
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pain and pleasure, formation of the Neoclassical School of criminology utilitarianism
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concentric zone theory
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social environments are based on status disadvantages - poverty, lack of schooling, etc.
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shaw and makay
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founded concentric zone theory
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social disorganization theory
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proposed that urban social structure exerts powerful influences on behavior independent of the ethnicity of the people
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differential association
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A theory of deviance that holds that violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts.
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social conflict theory
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Human behavior is shaped by interpersonal conflict, and those who maintain social power use it to further their own interest.
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Freudian theory
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human behavior is motivated by unconscious sexual desires felt guilty before they did anything wrong - ego/superego
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id
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unconscious desires and conflicts
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ego
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the rational mind
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super ego
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moral compass
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classical
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crime is a free-will choice
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positivist
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people commit crimes due to uncontrollable internal/external factors that can be observed and measured
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labeling theory
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Deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions
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biological theory
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inherited criminal behavior
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crime is committed to alleviate feelings of guilt, so that one will be punished
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Freudian theory argues that
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True
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The neutralization theory purports that criminals neutralize feelings of guilt through rationalization.
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classical school theories
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Theories that share the assumption of free will and rational choice are commonly called
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false
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Most criminologists agree there is one major theory that explains the majority of crime.
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Cesare Lombroso's theory
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Whose theory of the "criminal man" was the first important positivist theory to emerge?
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Edwin Sutherland
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The differential association theory that criminal behavior is learned through association with a peer group that engages in criminal behavior was created by
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labeling theory (not the def)
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The concept of protecting the identity of juveniles charged with delinquency is rooted from which theory of criminology?
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a criminal's decision to commit crime is influenced by external factors
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The central tenet of the positivist school of criminology is that
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biological determinism
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Cesare Lombroso, Richard Dugdale, and William Sheldon were all proponents of
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true
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Causal variables are variables that directly influence the outcome of relationships.
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False
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The belief that the punishment should fit the crime is a tenet of the positivist school.
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arraignment
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At what point in the criminal justice process is the defendant asked to enter a formal plea of either guilty or not guilty to the charges?
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civil rights act of 1964
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Which act made it illegal for businesses, motels, restaurants, and public transportation providers to deny citizens service based on their race?
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adjudication
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The guilt of the defendant is determined through trial. Plea bargaining, or dismissal of charges, is done at which stage of the criminal process?
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uniform crime report program
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The FBI's _____________ focuses on crimes reported to the police
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index crimes
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part I crimes; are more serious; include murder
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national crime victimization survery
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annually presents info on criminal victimization.
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national incident based reporting system
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The FBI's _____________ attempts to overcome some of the problems with the UCR and NCVS. Allows officers to report each single crime occurrence.
