Correlational Studies
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Correlation
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The relationship between two or more variables.
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Positive Correlation
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A relationship in which increases in one variable correspond to increase in a second variable.
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Negative correlation
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A relationship in which increases in one variable correspond to decrease in a second variable.
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Experiment
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A research method that is used to test casual hypotheses
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Independent variable
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The variable in an experiment that is manipulated
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Dependent variable
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The variable in an experiment that measures any affect of the manipulation.
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Experimental Group
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The group of the participants that recieve the manipulation that is being tested.
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Control Group
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The group of participants that do not recieve the manipulation that is being tested.
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Placebo Effect
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A measurable change in participants behavior due to expectation or belief that a treatment will have certain effects.
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Double-Blind Study
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An experiment in which both the experimenter and the study participants do not know to which group(experimental or control) participants have been assigned.
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Confounding Variable
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Any factor other than the independent variable that affects the dependent measure.
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Random Assignment
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Participants have an equal chance of being placed in any condition of the study.
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Quasi- Experiment
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A research study that is not a true experiment because participants are not randomly assigned to the different conditions.
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Institutional Review Board (IRB)
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A committy that reviews research proposals to ensure that ethical standards have been met.
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Informed Consent
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Research participants agree to participate after being told about aspects of the study.
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Confidentiality
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Researchers do not reveal which data were collected from which participant.
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Debriefing
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After an experiment participants are informed of the nature of the study.
