CORE CONCEPTS – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| FACTORS THAT REDUCE BIOAVAILABILITY |
1. INCOMPLETE DISSOLUTION 2.INCOMPLETE ABSORPTION THRU EPITHELIA 3.BYPASSING ABSORPTIVE AREA 4.PRE-SYSTEMIC METABOLISM 5.CHEMICAL DEGRADATION |
| DRUG FUNC GRPS SUSCEPTIBLE TO OXIDATION |
PHENOLS POLYUNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS CATECHOLS THIOLS TERTIARY AMINES |
| DRUG FUNC GRPS SUSCEPTIBLE TO HYDROLYSIS |
LACTAMS LACTONES AMIDES ESTERS |
| THESE ACT AS BUFFERS ANTIOXIDANTS CHELATORS FLOCULATING AGENTS |
| CITRATE |
| THESE ARE MOSTLY FOR GELLING POLYMERS SUSPENDING, VISCOSITY MODIFIER |
| CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES |
| tHESE MAINTAIN STABILITY IN DRUGS SUSCEPTIBLE TO OXIDATION |
| ANTIOXIDANTS |
| FOR MULTI USE DRUGS SUSCEPTIBLE TO MICROBIAL GROWTH |
| PRESERVATIVES |
| CAN CHANGE A SOLVENT'S POLARITY TO BETTER MATCH A DRUGS POLARITY AND IMPROVE SOLUBILITY |
| COSOLVENTS |
| HELPS SOLUBILIZE RXX, ADSORBS AT INTERFACE OF 2 PHASES |
| SURFACTANTS |
| Preservatives |
· Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) · Polyquad or polyquaternium 1 · Thimerosal · Chlorobutanol 0.5% · Oxidants 1) sodium perborate 2) purite or stabilized oxcychloro complex parabens, benzoic acid, benzalkonium chloride |
| SUSPENDING AGENTS |
· Microcrystalline cellulose carboxymethycellulose |
| BUFFERS |
· acetate · acetic acid · phosphate · citrate · borate · monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate (buffer combination) phosphates, citrates, NaOH, HCl |
| TONICITY MODIFIERS |
· NaCl · Mannitol (also cooling agent) dextrose |
| Viscosity modifierS |
· glycerin · cellulose derivatives like hydroxyethylcellulose · polyvinyl alcohol · PEGs carbomer |
| Antioxidants |
· sodium metabisulfites sulfites, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, BHA (butylated hydroxyl anisole) |
| CHELATOR |
| EDTA |
| Surfactants |
· Polysorbate or Tween 80 · Tyloxapol · Oleic acid · Soya lecithin · Povidone polysorbates, phospatidylcholines, Cremophor |
| Gelling Agents to increase viscosity |
· EDTA disodium · Carbomer 934p Hypromellose |
| Cosolvents |
· Ethanol · Glycerin
· Propylene glycol ethanol, glycerin/glycerol, propylene glycol, PEG 400 |
| ANION SALTS ARE USED WITH _____ |
BASIC DRUGS
HCl MESYLATE SUCCINATE CITRATE MALEATE TARTRATE SULFATE |
| ACIDIC DRUGS ARE USED WITH______ |
CATIONS
SODIUM POTASSIUM CALCIUM |
| Periodontal |
· Atridox · Arestin Actisite |
| INTRAVAGINAL |
CERVIDIL(SWELLABLE MATRIX) Nuvaring Estring (vaginal rings) |
| INTRUTERINE |
| MIRENA |
| INTRAVITREAL |
| VITRASERT |
| Iontophoresis or electrotransport |
ZECUITY (SUMATRIPTAN) IONYSYS (PT CONTROLLED FENTANYL)
|
| TRANSDERMAL (Adhesive Matrix) |
· Nitro-Dur · Minitran · Climara(7 DAY PATCH) · Testoderm(APPLIED TO SCROTUM) · Duragesic(FENTANYL) · Daytrana (METHYLPHENIDATE) · Ortho Evra (Q 7 DAYS FOR 3 WKS, THEN 7 DAYS OFF) · Lidoderm (POST HERPETIC NEURALGIA) Flector (DICLOFENAC) |
TRANSDERMAL MEMBRANE CONTROLLED RESERVOIR |
· Transderm-nitro · Estraderm · Androderm Testoderm |
TRANSDERMAL MEMBRANE-MATRIX HYBRID |
CATAPRESS TTS
TRANSDERM SCOP(SCOPOLAMINE---BEHIND EAR) |
| Ion exchange systems uses Pennkinetic system |
TUSSIONEX SUSP
DELSYM SUSP |
| ADDED TO ADJUST pH OF DRUG TO OPTIMIZE SOLUBILITY |
| BUFFERS |
