constitution/ bill of rights study guide – Flashcards
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constitution
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a national plan of government
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constitution convention
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a group of delegates who met in Philadelphia to replace the articles of confederation with the constitution
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3/5 compromise
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agreement that only 3/5 of slaves in a state would be counted for representation purposes
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checks and balances
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system set up by the constitution that gives each branch the power to check or limit the powers of the other branches
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separation of powers
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division of powers into three separate branches of government ( legislative judicial and executive )
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bill of rights
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the first ten amendments to the constitution
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amendment
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a change or addition to the constitution
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ratify
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to approve something
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James Madison
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main author of the constitution. also known as the farther of the constitution
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Alexander Hamilton
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wrote the federalist papers trying to convince people that we needed a strong federal government
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1
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the articles of confederation was an attempt at a new government. it was considered a very weak form of government because it gave too much power to the states and not enough to a central government .
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2
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the executive branch is led by the president . he makes sure the laws are carried out and commands the armed forces.
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3
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the judicial branch is led by the supreme court. it interprets laws and decides what the laws mean.
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4
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the legislative branch is run by congress. it makes the laws and sets the taxes.
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5
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congress is made up of two branches : the senate and the house of representatives.
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6
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every state is allowed two senators. the number of representatives each state gets is based up on its population.
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1st amendment
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has 5 freedoms: speech , religion , press , assembly , petition.
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2nd amendment
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right to bear arms ( right to own a gun ).
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3rd amendment
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you cannot be forced to quarter soldiers.
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4th amendment
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protects you from unfair searches and seizures of things you own.
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5th amendment
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covers your rights if you are accused of a crime: can't be tried twice for the same crime ( double jeopardy).
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6th amendment
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right to have a lawyer , to have a speedy trial , and a jury of your peers
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7th amendment
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right to a jury if you're being sued by someone ( civil case )
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8th amendment
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no cruel and unusual punishments , can't be forced to pay excessive fines
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9th amendment
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states that any individual people 's rights that were not specifically mentioned in the constitution are granted by this amendment.
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10th amendment
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states that any power that wasn't given to the government by the constitution will be given to the individual states to decide or for the people to decide by voting ( some of these things include education and marriage laws
