Comp Exam 1 – Flashcards
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Sarah is a busy real estate agent with a growing clientele. She is looking to purchase a new computer and software so that she can keep track of her client's accounts, access the Internet from anywhere in the city, and touch up photos of real estate properties. Sarah has hired a programmer to create a Web page for her business. What type of programming language will the programmer most likely use?
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XHTML
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Jamie is interested in pursuing some aspect of computer technology as a career. He is very comfortable working with PCs and has a broad knowledge of the typical systems and applications software that people use. He has always enjoyed working closely with people and has a good facility for explaining how technical systems work. From the description provided, what type of computer-related job would Jamie probably enjoy the most?
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computer operations personnel
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A(n) ____ is a computer used to host programs and data for a network.
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midrange server
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Many schools, particularly college campuses, today have wireless ____ that allow students to connect their devices wirelessly to the Internet and to campus resources from anywhere on campus.
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hotspots
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Some languages are traditional programming languages for developing applications; others, such as markup and scripting languages like HTML, XHTML, and ____, are designed to be used to create Web pages.
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JavaScript
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To contact people using the Internet, you most often use their ____.
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e-mail addresses
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By their very nature, online communications lend themselves to ____.
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anonymity
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____ is typically free and virtually all ISPs used with personal computers include e-mail service in their monthly fee.
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web-based e-mail
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___ are illustrations of faces showing smiles, frowns, and other expressions that are created with keyboard symbols.
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emoticons
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Integrated circuits incorporate many transistors and electronic circuits on a single tiny silicon chip, allowing ____ to be even smaller and more reliable than earlier computers.
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third-generation computers
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A ____ is loosely defined as a small device that has built-in computing or Internet capability.
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mobile device
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Access control at many businesses and organizations is provided by ____, which allow only authorized individuals to enter an office building, punch in or out of work, or access the company network via an access card or a fingerprint or hand scan.
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authentication systems
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There are a number of special Web pages, called ____, available to help you locate what you are looking for on the Internet.
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search sites
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Ultraportables conforming to Intel's standards can be marketed as ____.
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ultrabooks
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In the early 1980s, ____ were invented and computer use increased dramatically.
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microcomputers
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A personal computer or PC, originally called a ____, is a small computer designed to be used by one person at a time.
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microcomputer
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Sarah is a busy real estate agent with a growing clientele. She is looking to purchase a new computer and software so that she can keep track of her client's accounts, access the Internet from anywhere in the city, and touch up photos of real estate properties. What kind of computer would most likely fit Sarah's needs?
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notebook computer
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____ occurs when data is entered into the computer.
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Input
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Because many mobile devices and personal computers today are continually connected to the Internet, securing those devices against computer viruses and ____ is essential for both individuals and businesses.
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hackers
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When data is processed into a meaningful form, it becomes ____.
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information
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Magnetic RAM (MRAM) uses ____ rather than an electrical charge to store data.
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magnetic polarization
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Video data—such as home movies, feature films, video clips, and television shows—is displayed using a collection of ____.
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frames
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Like graphics data, ____—such as a song or the sound of someone speaking—must be in digital form in order to be stored on a storage medium or processed by a computer.
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audio data
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One measurement of the speed of a CPU is the ____, which is rated in megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).
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CPU clock speed
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The bus width and bus speed together determine the bus's ____.
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bandwidth
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Jess is a musician who has just bought a new computer. Now she need to figure out how to connect this computer to the devices that were connected to her old computer. Jess has pictures from her old computer saved on a flash memory card. To transfer these to her new computer, she will insert the card into a(n) ____.
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slot
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Eight bits grouped together are collectively referred to as a ____.
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byte
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To synchronize all of a computer's operations, a ____, which is located on the motherboard, is used.
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system clock
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One reason a computer might become inefficient is that when programs are uninstalled, pieces of the program are sometimes left behind or references to these programs are left in operating system files such as the ____.
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Windows registry
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____ have begun to replace ROM for storing system information, such as a computer's BIOS.
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flash memory chips
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A computer ____ is the amount of data (typically measured in bits or bytes) that a CPU can manipulate at one time.
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word
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The key element of the microprocessor is the ____—a device made of semiconductor material that controls the flow of electrons inside a chip.
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transistor
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The ____ takes instructions from the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that the control unit can understand.
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decode unit
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A circuit board is a thin board containing ____ and other electronic components.
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computer chips
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Each place value in a binary number represents ____ raised to the appropriate power.
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2
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Jess is a musician who has just bought a new computer. Now she need to figure out how to connect this computer to the devices that were connected to her old computer. To connect her external hard drive, in which all of her music files are stored, to the computer, Jess needs to use a ____.
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USB port
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To connect multiple USB devices to a single USB port, a ____ can be used.
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USB hub
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The JPEG images taken by most digital cameras today use 24-bit ____.
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true color images
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The term ____ refers to chip-based storage.
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memory
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The numbering system we commonly use is called the decimal numbering system because it uses ____ symbols to represent all possible numbers.
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10
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Often the storage device and storage medium are two separate pieces of hardware (that is, the storage medium is ____).
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removable
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The ____ cards used with mobile phones today are a special type of smart card.
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SIM
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CD-ROM discs and DVD-ROM discs are ____ optical discs that come prerecorded with commercial products.
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read-only
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Most Windows computers typically use ____, which supports much larger hard drives and files than the older FAT32 and includes better security and error-recovery capabilities.
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NTFS
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____ is a method of storing data on two or more hard drives that work together.
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RAID (redundant arrays of independent disks)
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The surface of a hard disk is organized into tracks and pie-shaped groups of ____.
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sectors
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Hard disks are permanently sealed inside the hard drive case, along with the ____ and an access mechanism.
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read/write heads
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Dan is a small business owner who depends on his computer to keep track of customer and sales data. He is investigating storage options because it is critical for him to ensure that his data is safe in the event of a computer failure. As Dan is very concerned about maintaining the security of his business data, he should look for an external hard drive that comes with built-in ____.
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encryption
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____ means that data can be retrieved directly from any location on the storage medium, in any order.
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random access
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Enterprise storage systems typically use fast Fibre Channel or ____ connections and are scalable so more hard drives can be added as needed up to the maximum system capacity.
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iSCSI
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To speed up magnetic hard drive performance, ____ is often used.
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disk caching
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Most computer tapes today are in the form of ____ tapes.
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cartridge
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Anything (such as a program, letter, digital photograph, or song) stored on a storage medium is referred to as a(n) ____.
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file
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Rodney owns a computer that he uses to work, keep in touch with friends and family, watch movies, listen to music, and use the Internet. Rodney wants to be able to easily carry files with him wherever he goes but he also has a tendency to lose things. Knowing this, he should probably save those files on a ____ drive which he can then attach to his backpack.
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USB flash
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Conventional CD discs use ____ lasers.
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infrared
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To keep files organized, related documents are often stored in ____ (also called directories) located on the storage medium.
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folders
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Rodney owns a computer that he uses to work, keep in touch with friends and family, watch movies, listen to music, and use the Internet. If Rodney wants to be able to write, erase, and overwrite the files on a CD, he should get a ____.
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CD-RW
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Some drive letters, such as the letter ____ that is typically used with the primary hard drive, are usually consistent from computer to computer and do not change even if more storage devices are added to the computer.
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C
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A ____ is a place to store something temporarily.
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cache
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____ devices are high-performance storage systems that are connected individually to a network to provide storage for the computers connected to that network.
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network attached storage (NAS)
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A ____ is an optical code that represents data with bars of varying widths or heights.
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barcode
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Print speed is typically measured in ____.
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pages per minute (ppm)
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A(n) ____ is a flat, touch-sensitive device used in conjunction with a digital pen.
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graphics tablet
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Some 3D projectors are designed to project ____.
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holograms
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Stacey is the office manager for a small business and is looking for a new printer and scanner for her office. When buying a scanner, Stacey needs to make sure that the scanner has a high enough ____, usually measured in the number of dots per inch (dpi), for the business needs of the office.
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optical resolution
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Touch screens allow the user to touch the screen with his or her finger to select ____ or otherwise provide input to the device associated with the touch screen.
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commands
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A ____ typically rests on the desk or other flat surface close to the user's computer, and it is moved across the surface with the user's hand in the appropriate direction to point to and select objects on the screen.
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mouse
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In a printer, the print ____ affects the quality of the printed output.
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resolution
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___ are designed to scan flat objects one page at a time.
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flatbed scanners
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___ input data from special forms to score or tally exams, questionnaires, ballots, and so forth.
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optical mark readers (OMRs)
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A ____ is a large screen computer either built into a table or designed to be used on a table that allows multi-touch input from multiple users.
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table PC
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One of the most common 2D barcodes, the ____ code represents data with a matrix of small squares.
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QR
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The most common HD format is 1080p, which uses a screen resolution of 1,920 ? 1,080 and displays screen images one line at a time, called ____.
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progressive display
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Digital camcorders are similar to conventional ____ camcorders.
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analog
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____ keys on a keyboard are used for issuing commands in some programs.
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function
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The ____ used to be the norm for desktop computers.
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CRT monitor
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The number of bits used to store color information about each pixel is called ____.
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bit depth
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A(n) ____ uses a printhead consisting of pins that strike an inked ribbon to transfer the ink to the paper.
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dot-matrix printer
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Digital still cameras most often use ____ cards for storage.
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flash memory
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____ are the standard for business documents and come in both personal and network versions.
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laser printers
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Creating a(n) ____ means making a duplicate copy of important files so that when a problem occurs, you can restore those files using the copy.
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backup
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____ allow the user to issue commands by selecting icons, buttons, menu items, and other objects—typically with a mouse, pen, or finger.
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graphical user interfaces
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The ____ boots the computer, launches application software, and ensures that all actions requested by a user are valid and processed in an orderly fashion.
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operating system
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To restore a file or folder deleted from your computer's hard drive, open the ____ and restore the file.
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recycle bin
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____ is the most widely used mobile operating system in the United States.
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andriod
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A ____ is an area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold input and output on their way in or out of the computer system.
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buffer
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____ memory allows you to use more memory than is physically available on your computer.
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virtual
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Dean has been using computers for some time now, but he is unfamiliar with a number of utility programs. In order to better maintain his computer, he decides to ask his coworker Andrea for advice on basic utility programs. Andrea tells Dean that he should periodically perform ____ on his computer to optimize the hard drive so that it works more efficiently. This process works by rearranging the data on the hard drive so all files are stored in contiguous locations.
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disk defragmentation
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____ is one of the most widely-used versions of Linux.
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Ubuntu
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Filenames typically include a ____ at the end of the filename.
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file extension
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In DOS, the command ____ displays the files and folders in the current location.
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DIR
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An important task that the operating system performs is ____, which keeps track of the files stored on a computer so that they can be retrieved when needed.
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file management
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All programs and data located in RAM are divided into fixed-length ____ or variable-length segments, depending on the operating system being used.
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pages
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During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers.
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DOS (disk operating system)
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Janet is studying operating systems as part of her Understanding Computers 101 class. After learning about the different types of operating systems, she realizes that she uses a number of them in her daily life. Janet recently purchased a new Apple computer. The operating system of that computer is ____.
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OS X
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Windows 10 replaces older mobile versions of Windows, including ____ and Windows RT, as well as older embedded versions of Windows.
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Windows Phone 8
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____ are designed to be used with everyday objects, such as home appliances, gaming consoles, digital cameras, e-readers, digital photo frames, ATMs, toys, watches, GPS systems, home medical devices, voting terminals, and cars.
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embedded operating systems
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Chrome OS is the first ____.
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cloud operating system
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The file management program incorporated into recent versions of Windows is ____.
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file explorer
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____ includes all the programs that allow you to perform specific tasks on your computer, such as writing a letter.
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application software
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____ programs are software programs that are distributed on the honor system.
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shareware
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When Mary started college, her parents bought her a new computer that came loaded with the bare essentials in terms of software applications. She is now looking into purchasing additional software. Mary needs word processing software for her classes, but she has to budget her resources carefully this semester. She might consider using ____.
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office online
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Regardless of the device being used, software typically falls into four basic categories of software: commercial software, shareware, freeware, and ____.
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public domain software
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____ is used to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the tasks involved in a project, such as the construction of a building or the schedule for preparing a large advertising campaign for a client.
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project management software
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____ refers to using a personal computer to combine and manipulate text and images to create attractive documents that look as if they were created by a professional printer.
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desktop publishing
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A ____ is a group of values and other data organized into rows and columns, similar to the ruled paper worksheets traditionally used by bookkeepers and accountants.
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spreadsheet
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The ____ is a tool in versions of Microsoft Office starting with Office 2007 that consists of tabs, which contain groups of related command buttons for the program being used.
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Ribbon
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Charts are inserted into an Excel spreadsheet using the commands in the Charts group on the ____ tab on the Ribbon.
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Insert
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____ is a shareware program.
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WinZip (file compression program
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When Mary started college, her parents bought her a new computer that came loaded with the bare essentials in terms of software applications. She is now looking into purchasing additional software. Mary enjoys taking digital photos and would like software that would allow her to perform tasks such as correct brightness or contrast, eliminate red eye, crop, resize, etc. In order to have this functionality on her computer, she needs a photo ____ program.
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editing
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When typing text in a word processing program, you should only press ____ after a short line (like a title), at the end of a paragraph, and to leave a blank line between paragraphs.
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enter
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Bryan has just started an internship in which he uses a database frequently. The database contains information about the company's employees. Bryan's supervisor senses that he is anxious about using the database and drops by to give him a short tutorial. The supervisor explains that each employee's information forms a separate ____.
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record
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When selecting font size in a document, ____ points equals one-inch-tall text.
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72
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When a software program is purchased, the buyer is acquiring a(n) ____ that permits him or her to use the software.
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software license
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___ can be used, copied, modified, and distributed to others without restrictions.
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public domain software
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Businesses and many individuals often use office suites, sometimes called ____, to produce written documents.
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productivity software suites
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In spreadsheet programs, labels and constant values are always copied exactly to the new location; what happens to formulas when they are copied depends on whether they use relative cell referencing or ____.
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absolute cell referencing
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Bryan has just started an internship in which he uses a database frequently. The database contains information about the company's employees. Bryan's supervisor senses that he is anxious about using the database and drops by to give him a short tutorial. Bryan is told by the supervisor that to create a database, he first needs to create the database ____ itself, and then he can create the necessary database objects.
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file
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Bryan has just started an internship in which he uses a database frequently. The database contains information about the company's employees. Bryan's supervisor senses that he is anxious about using the database and drops by to give him a short tutorial. Bryan's supervisor explains that to retrieve information from the database, Bryan needs to use a ____.
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query
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____ is freeware software.
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Chrome (web browser)
