question

According to several recent studies quoted in your text, the most important skills employers are seeking in college graduates are a. enthusiasm and work experience b. good speaking and presentation skills c. technical and competence in the work area d. attractive appearance and poise

answer

b. good speaking and presentation skills

question

In his speech about volunteering for the American Red Cross, Jacob used a lot of slang words, sat and leaned on the table in front of the class, and was dressed very casually. Which of the following statements best describes this situation? a. Jacob ignored the rule that public speaking is more formal than conversation b. Jacob violated the audience's space by sitting and leaning on the table in front of the class c. Jacob adapted to his audience by making his speech more informal d. Jacob did nothing wrong by approaching this topic in a casual manner

answer

a. Jacob ignored the rule that public speaking is more formal than conversation

question

Which of the communication models depicts the roles of sender and receiver as fluid and constantly changing? a. communication as action b. communication as reaction c. communication as interaction d. communication as transaction

answer

d. communication as transaction

question

How can anxiety be useful? a. It can help you be energetic and positive b. It can help you seek speaking opportunities c. It can't be useful d. It can make you nauseous

answer

a. It can help you be energetic and positive

question

Most speakers who procrastinate in preparing their speeches a. will sound much more spontaneous and relaxed b. will be assured the speech content is current c. will feel more speaker apprehension d. will be more interested in the topic

answer

c. will feel more speaker apprehension

question

Jackie was giving a speech about horses. She loves horses and was excited to be talking about them. She imagined how happy she would be to share the information with her audience and how glad they would be to hear the information. What strategy was Jackie using to manage her anxiety? a. She visualized her success b. She used deep-breathing techniques c. She sang a song to lift her spirits d. She recreated her speaking environment

answer

a. She visualized her success

question

___________ is a speaker's believability. a. Ethics b. Hairstyle c. Attire d. Credibility

answer

d. Credibility

question

Hypothetical illustrations within a speech are a. acceptable especially when other evidence can't be found to support the speech b. unacceptable to bring into a speech, especially if solid, current evidence is available c. unacceptable because they are unethical and deceptive d. acceptable to show what might happen, as long as the speaker is clear it is hypothetical

answer

d. acceptable to show what might happen, as long as the speaker is clear it is hypothetical

question

When citing your sources orally in a speech, you should a. say "quote, unquote" b. make quotation signs with your fingers c. state briefly the author, title, and year d. give the full Internet address

answer

c. state briefly the author, title, and year

question

With regard to those "gray areas" of ethics pertaining to the use of sources in a speech, your textbook suggested that a. when in doubt, document all of your sources b. when in doubt, omit sources from your speech c. when in doubt, include sources in a bibliography, but not orally d. when in doubt, use common knowledge rather than published sources

answer

a. when in doubt, document all of your sources

question

In her class speech about traditions on her college campus, Angela provides little known facts that she discovered i her research. Is this a good technique? a. No, because the information is too mundane for the audience to be concerned about b. Yes, but only if the little known facts are humorous, because humor is what really keeps an audience's attention c. NO, in a speech class you should refrain from too much detail or you will lose the attention of your audience d. Yes, using new or little known information is an effective listening technique that helps keep the audience's attention

answer

d. Yes, using new or little known information is an effective listening technique that helps keep the audience's attention

question

If you are worried that your speech to the PTA on the need for more parental volunteers will cause the audience to lose attention, what should you do? a. You should build in redundancy to make your major ideas really clear, so as to avoid the speech rate-thought rate difference b. You should make the speech as short as possible, while still managing to include your main points c. You should probably not do a speech at all if you think the audience will lose attention; instead, simply do a discussion or question-and-answer session d. There is really nothing a speaker can do in a situation like this; if the audience loses attention, that is their fault and they should have stayed at home

answer

a. You should build in redundancy to make your major ideas really clear, so as to avoid the speech rate-thought rate difference

question

After listening to a speech by a local politician, Jon had the opportunity to think about the speech. He discovered that evidence was misquoted, there were a number of scare tactics used, and some data was made up to support the claims being made. What did Jon discover? a. If the speech was understandable to the audience then the politician could use any means available to present the information to the audience b. Not all audiences need current and relevant data to make up their minds c. The politician focused on making sure he had an effective and appropriate speech d. The politician used unethical rhetoric strategies to manipulate the audience

answer

d. The politician used unethical rhetoric strategies to manipulate the audience

question

Krysten just listened to Erin's speech. In her written critique, Krysten made the following comments: "I liked the visuals" and "weak eye contact". Is this a good critique? a. No, Krysten should have provided more detailed information b. No, Krysten did not talk about the introduction and body of the speech c. Yes, Krysten put into writing what she thought was good and what needed work d. Yes, Krysten provided sufficient feedback so Erin could make corrections

answer

a. No, Krysten should have provided more detailed information

question

For his informative speech, Greg has decided to compile a questionnaire for the audience to determine their personal knowledge, interest, and attitudes about the issue. What is the term for this technique? a. formal audience analysis b. informal audience analysis c. formal situational analysis d. informal situational analysis

answer

a. formal audience analysis

question

Brett was presenting a speech on childhood diabetes, a disease he suffered from, but he decided not to mention this to his audience. Which of the following statements concerning Brett's speech is more correct? a. A speaker's personal experience makes him more credible to his audience b A speaker needs only facts and figures to build his credibility to the audience c. A speaker should not mention personal experiences, as it sounds like bragging d. A speaker should not mention personal experiences, as it sounds like self pity

answer

a. A speaker's personal experience makes him more credible to his audience

question

Savanna needed room to move during her speech, but when she arrived to make her presentation, she learned she would have to use a microphone attached to a lectern. Her mistake was not conducting a pre-speech a. audience analysis b. formal demographic analysis c. situational analysis d. informal psychological analysis

answer

c. situational analysis

question

"At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to list three different types of Reggae music," is an example of a a. central idea b. general purpose c. specific purpose d. blueprint

answer

c. specific purpose

question

On Barnett's speech outline appeared this sentence: "Censorship of the music industry violates our First Amendment right to free speech." You recognize this statement as a a. general purpose statement b. specific purpose statement c. inflammatory statement d. central idea or thesis

answer

d. central idea or thesis

question

Derrick's speech on rodeos focused on three different events. His central idea was "the modern rodeo has many interesting events including bronco busting, calf roping, and bull riding." Derrick's central idea could be readily broken down into main ideas based on a. a chronological order of events b. reasons to show the central idea is true c. logical division of the central idea d. the relative importance of each idea

answer

c. logical division of the central idea

question

Kenisha decided to write her speech on "Human Cloning". She didn't feel comfortable using internet sources, so she relied on books and material from a class she took last year. What was the problem with her research? a. Nothing, books are always the best source b. Kenisha needed to interview someone c. Kenisha should have researched newspapers for the most recent information d. It is not necessary to use the internet to find the most updated material

answer

c. Kenisha should have researched newspapers for the most recent information

question

In his speech about drinking and driving, David told the story of what happened to three of his friends. He went into great detail telling how they wouldn't ,let anyone drive them home and they died. What kind of supporting material is this? a. brief illustration b. expert testimony c. statistic d. extended illustration

answer

d. extended illustration

question

In his speech about rape on college campuses, Ryan cites statistics from state and county law enforcement documents; then he includes statistics from his own campus. Which principle of selecting the best supporting material is Ryan using? a. proximity b. suitability c. variety d. concreteness

answer

a. proximity

question

When your present the most important or convincing idea first in your speech, you are using the principle of a. primacy b. specificity c. complexity d. recency

answer

a. primacy

question

For her informative speech, Abigail wanted to tell her audience what they need to know to buy a new computer. What organizational pattern should she use? a. topical b. spatial c. chronological d. cause-effect

answer

a. topical

question

In his speech, Eduardo begins with opinions, moves to inferences, and uses scientific facts in support of his last point. What principle of supporting material organization is Eduardo using? a. primacy-recency b. specificity c. complexity d. "soft" to "hard" evidence

answer

d. "soft" to "hard" evidence

question

In John's speech, he reviewed and emphasized points he had previously discussed. What is the term for this technique? a. internal summary b. transition c. preview d. external summary

answer

a. internal summary

question

According to the authors, the most obvious purpose that you must accomplish in a speech introduction is to a. get the audience's attention b. introduce the subject of your speech c. establish your credibility d. establish proximity with your audience

answer

b. introduce the subject of your speech

question

It is important to build trust with the audience, to have them believe you and like you. This is known as speaker a. likeability b. credibility c. trustworthiness d. popularity

answer

b. credibility

question

Janet's introduction contained the following remarks: "How many of you know someone who has tried to quit smoking? Have any of the smokers in this audience tried to quit? If you tried and failed, you are among the 20 percent of Americans who have tried to quit smoking multiple times. A few months ago I tried to quit, and I finally made it. I'd like to tell you exactly how I did that." which of the following statements is true about this introduction? a. Janet has too many devices in the introduction; the audience will be confused instead of intrigued b. Janet shouldn't discuss her own experience smoking because it puts distance between her and the audience c. Janet has successfully combined introductory devices of startling statements, reference to historical events, and illustrations d. Janet has successfully combined the introductory devices of questions to the audience, statistical information, and a personal reference

answer

d. Janet has successfully combined the introductory devices of questions to the audience, statistical information, and a personal reference

question

What should a speech conclusion do? a. provide new material b. summarize the main ideas c. stir guilt in the audience d. fade out gradually

answer

b. summarize the main ideas

question

When Gloria said "So we all must do something to end domestic violence; we must all be prepared to confront this issue in our own neighborhoods and homes, so that we become part of the solution and not the problem," you recognize this as a a. startling restatement b. re-emphasis on the central idea c. statement to motivate the the audience to respond d. concluding summary statement

answer

c. statement to motivate the the audience to respond

question

In her introduction about eating disorders, Sheila mentioned her friend who suffered from anorexia. In her conclusion, Sheila reminded her audience of her friend and what she went through. Was this an appropriate strategy? a. Yes; this is a concluding strategy known as a reference to the introduction b. Yes; this is a concluding strategy known as a reference to the occasion c. No; the introduction and conclusion are separate elements of a speech and should not overlap d. Yes; this is a concluding strategy known as an appeal to action

answer

a. Yes; this is a concluding strategy known as a reference to the introduction

question

The speaker's outline which contains the specific purpose, the introduction, all main ideas with supporting material, and a conclusion is the a. numerical outline b. delivery outline c. preparation outline d. preliminary outline

answer

c. preparation outline

question

What is the purpose of using complete sentences in a preparation outline? a. You will use these exact sentences when you deliver the speech b. This will ensure that use the best wording possible for the speech c. This will help you to realize the importance of good grammar d. This will help you to judge the coherence of the speech

answer

d. This will help you to judge the coherence of the speech

question

Marissa's speaking notes are filled with drawings, words and symbols. Is this a fine method for creating speaking notes? a. No, the cards should be in outline form and have no pictures b. Yes, it is fine to prepare your notes in any form that makes sense to you c. No, this kind of note generally distracts instead of helps d. Yes, but it is only okay to use drawings and symbols at the beginning and end of the speech where they will not get in the way of the topic

answer

b. Yes, it is fine to prepare your notes in any form that makes sense to you

question

Susanne had too much information in her preparation outline. She went back to her audience and decided to cut two of her main points. Was this a good way to minimize her information? a. No, Susanne needed to include all of the major points on her outline b. Yes, Susanne was considering her audience c. No, suzanne should have focused on removing extra words and phrases d. No, Susanne should not have cut any of her material

answer

b. Yes, Susanne was considering her audience

question

What is most important when a speaker is communication emotional feelings, attitudes, likes, and dislikes to an audience? a. verbal communication b. good eye contact c. nonverbal communication d. clear articulation

answer

b. good eye contact

question

By using appropriate levels of eye contact, moving purposefully, and smiling while talking, what behaviors is the speaker engaging in? a. delivery behaviors b. immediacy behaviors c. concurrence behaviors d. nonverbal behaviors

answer

b. immediacy behaviors

question

In his speech, Mike thought he had really reached everyone in his speech. However, after receiving his classmates evaluations, it seems his delivery and content offended some of the international students. Which of the following best explains this? a. Mike should have used a manuscript delivery b. Mike didn't do anything wrong; you can't cater to every audience member c. Mike's presentation likely contained an ethnocentric approach d. Mike didn't do anything wrong; minority members should accept the values of dominant cultures

answer

c. Mike's presentation likely contained an ethnocentric approach

question

The best reason for using presentation aids is that they a. cover up a speaker's visible nervousness b. help the audience understand and remember c. can substitute for a general lack of knowledge d. can help a speaker stay within the time limits

answer

b. help the audience understand and remember

question

Which of the following is true regarding the use of people as presentation aids? a. Never use people because there is a potential to go wrong b. Rehearse with the person and avoid using volunteers c. Make sure they don't draw attention away from your speech d. Avoid using others as an aid; use yourself

answer

b. Rehearse with the person and avoid using volunteers

question

On her way to class, Delany decided to add one last presentation aid to her speech. Is this a good idea? a. Yes, the more creative the presentation aids, the better the speech will be b. Yes, if Delany was certain the aid would make a big impact c. No, Delany didn't have a chance to rehearse it d. No, the extra aid would make Delany's speech run over time

answer

c. No, Delany didn't have a chance to rehearse it

question

When using a presentation aid, there is always the possibility of something going wrong while you are speaking. If something goes wrong, what should you do? a. Use presentational aids sparingly b. End the speech shortly after something goes wrong c. Offer a lengthy apology d. Have backup supplies and a backup plan in case your plans go awry

answer

d. Have backup supplies and a backup plan in case your plans go awry

question

Gus was asked to present information on art appreciation. This topic can be vague, but Gus found a way to make the terms and concepts clear. For Gus, the primary goal of his speech was to a. have the audience remember the information b. maintain interest c. enhance understanding d. have the audience become art critics

answer

c. enhance understanding

question

In her speech, Jess previewed her ideas in the introduction, summarized her points throughout the speech, and provided a visual outline on the overhead. What speaking principle did she apply? a. the principle of pedagogy b. the principle of speaking with clarity c. the principle of androgyny d. the principle of audience analysis

answer

b. the principle of speaking with clarity

question

In an informative speech about college life to high school juniors, Tori talked about her own experiences. The students listened intently, even though college was a long way away. Tori made her speech interesting by a. telling a story that had conflict and suspense b. presenting information that was related to their lives c. asking them a rhetorical question d. presenting information that was startling

answer

b. presenting information that was related to their lives

question

In Sheena's informative speech, se kept repeating her main ideas and referencing back to them. What strategy was she using? a. pace the information flow b. reinforce the main ideas nonverbally c. tell a suspenseful story d. build in redundancy

answer

d. build in redundancy

question

The process of changing or reinforcing a listener's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior

answer

Persuasion

question

The sense of mental discomfort that prompts a person to change when new information conflicts with previously organized thought patterns

answer

Cognitive Dissonance

question

A predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to something

answer

Attitude

question

An individual's perception of what is true or false

answer

Belief

question

An enduring concept of right bed wrong; motivating force behind behavior

answer

Value

question

Motivated by value; not always predictable

answer

Behavior

question

1. Identify an existing problem or need 2. Create dissonance 3. Offer a solution that restores the audience's sense of balance

answer

Using Cognitive Dissonance

question

- Discredit Source - Reinterpret the message - Seek new information - Stop listening - Change your attitude, belief, value, or behavior

answer

Coping with Cognitive Dissonance

question

The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories

answer

Confirmation Bias

question

Sh*t happens

answer

Law of Unintended Consequences

question

Needs are divided into a pyramid like shape, and one must fulfill the needs of th bottom tiers before fulfilling the top; order is physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs, self-actualization needs

answer

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

question

A motivation that relies on an emphasis of values, attitudes, benefits, and features

answer

Positive Motivation

question

A motivation that relies on fear and threats

answer

Negative Motivation

question

Information that has been proven to be true through direct observation

answer

Fact

question

Advocates for specific action, change in policy procedure or behavior

answer

Policy

question

The speaker who uses policy must prove why the policy should change and use facts to back it up

answer

Advocating for Change

question

The speaker must prove why the status quo is a good thing

answer

Defending the Status Quo

question

Term created by Aristotle to refer to a speakers credibility

answer

Ethos

question

Term created by Aristotle to refer to appeals of emotion

answer

Pathos

question

Term created by Aristotle to refer to appeals of logic

answer

Logos

question

The impression of a speaker's credibility that listeners have before a speaker starts a speech

answer

Initial Credibility

question

The perception of a speaker's credibility that an audience forms during a speech

answer

Derived Credibility

question

The final impression listeners have of a speaker's credibility, after a speech concludes

answer

Terminal Credibility

question

Reasoning that uses specific instances or examples to reach a general, probable conclusion

answer

Inductive Reasoning

question

Reasoning that moves from a general statement or principle to a specific, certain conclusion

answer

Deductive Reasoning

question

Reasoning in which the relationship between two or more events leads the person to conclude that one or more events caused the others

answer

Causal Reasoning

question

Reasoning in which one thing is assumed to be like another

answer

Analogical Reasoning

question

Testimony or quotation that expresses someone's attitudes, beliefs, or value

answer

Opinions

question

False reasoning that occurs when someone attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate

answer

Fallacy

question

a.k.a. Post hoc; a faulty cause-and-effect connection between two things or events

answer

Causal Fallacy

question

Reasoning that suggests that because everyone else beliefs or is doing something, it is correct or valid

answer

Bandwagon Fallacy

question

The oversimplification of an issue into a choice between only two outcomes or possibilities

answer

Either/Or Fallacy

question

A conclusion reached without adequate evidence

answer

Hasty Generalization

question

An attack on irrelevant personal characteristics of the person who is proposing an idea rather than an idea itself

answer

Ad Hominem

question

Irrelevant facts or information used to distract someone from the issue under discussion

answer

Red Herring

question

Use of the testimony of an expert in a given field to endorse an idea or product for which the expert does not have the appropriate credentials or expertise

answer

Appeal to Misplaced Authority

question

An idea or conclusion that does not logically relate to or follow from the previous idea or conclusion

answer

Non Sequitur

question

Used in a speech to identify with listeners, create a common bond, and add emotional support for message

answer

Myths

question

- Problem-Solution - Refutation - Cause and Effect - Motivated Sequence

answer

Persuasive Speech Organization Patterns

question

Type of persuasive speech organization which addresses anticipated objections

answer

Refutation

question

Type of persuasive speech organization which highlights attention, need, satisfaction, visual, and action

answer

Motivated Sequence

question

The process of changing or reinforcing a listener's attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior

answer

Persuasion

question

The sense of mental discomfort that prompts a person to change when new information conflicts with previously organized thought patterns

answer

Cognitive Dissonance

question

A predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to something

answer

Attitude

question

An individual's perception of what is true or false

answer

Belief

question

An enduring concept of right bed wrong; motivating force behind behavior

answer

Value

question

Motivated by value; not always predictable

answer

Behavior

question

1. Identify an existing problem or need 2. Create dissonance 3. Offer a solution that restores the audience's sense of balance

answer

Using Cognitive Dissonance

question

- Discredit Source - Reinterpret the message - Seek new information - Stop listening - Change your attitude, belief, value, or behavior

answer

Coping with Cognitive Dissonance

question

The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories

answer

Confirmation Bias

question

Sh*t happens

answer

Law of Unintended Consequences

question

Needs are divided into a pyramid like shape, and one must fulfill the needs of th bottom tiers before fulfilling the top; order is physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, self-esteem needs, self-actualization needs

answer

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

question

A motivation that relies on an emphasis of values, attitudes, benefits, and features

answer

Positive Motivation

question

A motivation that relies on fear and threats

answer

Negative Motivation

question

Information that has been proven to be true through direct observation

answer

Fact

question

Advocates for specific action, change in policy procedure or behavior

answer

Policy

question

The speaker who uses policy must prove why the policy should change and use facts to back it up

answer

Advocating for Change

question

The speaker must prove why the status quo is a good thing

answer

Defending the Status Quo

question

Term created by Aristotle to refer to a speakers credibility

answer

Ethos

question

Term created by Aristotle to refer to appeals of emotion

answer

Pathos

question

Term created by Aristotle to refer to appeals of logic

answer

Logos

question

The impression of a speaker's credibility that listeners have before a speaker starts a speech

answer

Initial Credibility

question

The perception of a speaker's credibility that an audience forms during a speech

answer

Derived Credibility

question

The final impression listeners have of a speaker's credibility, after a speech concludes

answer

Terminal Credibility

question

Reasoning that uses specific instances or examples to reach a general, probable conclusion

answer

Inductive Reasoning

question

Reasoning that moves from a general statement or principle to a specific, certain conclusion

answer

Deductive Reasoning

question

Reasoning in which the relationship between two or more events leads the person to conclude that one or more events caused the others

answer

Causal Reasoning

question

Reasoning in which one thing is assumed to be like another

answer

Analogical Reasoning

question

Testimony or quotation that expresses someone's attitudes, beliefs, or value

answer

Opinions

question

False reasoning that occurs when someone attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate

answer

Fallacy

question

a.k.a. Post hoc; a faulty cause-and-effect connection between two things or events

answer

Causal Fallacy

question

Reasoning that suggests that because everyone else beliefs or is doing something, it is correct or valid

answer

Bandwagon Fallacy

question

The oversimplification of an issue into a choice between only two outcomes or possibilities

answer

Either/Or Fallacy

question

A conclusion reached without adequate evidence

answer

Hasty Generalization

question

An attack on irrelevant personal characteristics of the person who is proposing an idea rather than an idea itself

answer

Ad Hominem

question

Irrelevant facts or information used to distract someone from the issue under discussion

answer

Red Herring

question

Use of the testimony of an expert in a given field to endorse an idea or product for which the expert does not have the appropriate credentials or expertise

answer

Appeal to Misplaced Authority

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