Comm 103, Exam 1 Study Guide – Flashcards

the process by which we use signs, symbols and behaviors to exchange information and create meaning

Physical, relational, Identity, spirituality, and instrumental needs.

a. Action: a model describing communication as one way process. Source, encode, message, and channel. b. Interaction: a model describing communication as a process shaped by feedback and context. c. Transaction: a model describing communication as a process in which everyone is simultaneously a sender and a receiver.

Relies on multiple channels, passes through perceptual filters, people give it its meaning, has literal and relational meanings, sends messages and is governed by rules.

intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, public, and mass communication.

everyone is a comm. expert, comm. will solve any problem, can break down, is inherently good, and more is always better.

communicating effectively and appropriately speak for the social and cultural context

b

totality of learned, shared, symbols, language, values and norms that distinguish a group.

groups of people who identify with a person vs groups you don't identify with

because you are being seen as different

Groups of people who share the same values, customs, and norms related to interests. (develop around activities and beliefs) - they vary in symbols, language, values, & norms.

-responsibility to themselves (express and talk through it) - responsibility to families, communities, employers (avoid conflict).

-direct/will say what they mean -much less direct way.

-equal power amongst group -less evenly spread power.

-a culture in which people cherish traditional masculine values and sex specifically -a culture in which people who cherish traditional feminine qualities and prefer different titles for men and women

-views time as finite/tangible -time is fluid/infinite.

-open to new situations/more accepting of people/ideas that are different from their own - Avoid situations that are unstructured, unclear or unpredictable.

be open-minded, avoid ethnocentrism (tendency to judge), be knowledgeable about different communication codes, be flexible and respectful.

d.

each word represents as an object or idea

a connection to the meaning (every language is governed by rules to understand this)

- phonological: correct pronunciation of a word, that vary from language to language. - Syntactic: order of words within phrases or clauses. - Semantic: meaning of individual words. - Pragmatic: implications or interpretations of statements

-dictionary meaning -meaning you give it

-words with strongly positive or negative connotation -words with more than one meaning.

theory that language shapes a person's views of reality. Language is affected by social and cultural context and they differ in degree of individualism and their use of communication codes.

the extent to which others perceive us as trustworthy, the way we speak/language.

-disguises speakers true intentions, -weasel words: terms/phrases intended to mislead listeners implying something, and - allness: implying a claim is true without exception.

-anchor-and-contrast: precedes a request that is much larger. - norm of reciprocity: favors are expected. -social validation: people will comply with request if others comply.

substitution for something harsh and slang: informal words that often are only understood within a particular group. Impact communication

specific for of profanity meant to degrade, intimidate, or dehumanize based on sex, nationality, orientation and religion.

a. Separate opinions from facts b. Speak at an appropriate level c. Own your thoughts and feelings (I-statement)

b

To inform, persuade, entertain, introduce and give honor to.

think carefully about listeners, age, sex, culture, economic status, physical/mental capabilities, and political.

a. demographic

Be concrete, make a statement and tell the truth. Don't exaggerate or lie.

Intro- tells the story or previews the information to be presented body- composed of specific main points conclusion- summarizes the main points transitions- connect the main points to one another.

-Rule of Subordination: some concepts are more important than others, -Rule of Division: if you divide a pint into sub-points, you must create at least two sub-points. -Rule of Parallel Wording: all points and sub-points in you outline should have the same grammatical structure.

-Formal outline: a structured set of all points and sub-points in your speech, includes; title, purpose statement, thesis, intro, main/sub points, conclusion, and bib. -Speaking outline: are an abbreviated version of your formal outline. Delete: title, purpose and thesis statements -> brief intro. Abbreviate all points and conclusion into keywords.

Types: Examples, definitions, statistics, quotations, & narratives. Evaluate: Credible, objective, and current.

knowingly using information from another source without giving proper credit to that source.

Global: stealing entire speech and saying it's yours. Patchwork: copy words from multiple sources and put them together to say that they are yours. Incremental: failing to give credit for small portions of your speech.

d. Global

Impromptu, extemporaneous, scripted, memorized.

Impromptu: spontaneous and thoughts are made quickly. Be brief, don't panic, think in threes, draw from what happens. Extemporaneous: carefully prepared to sound spontaneous. Natural and formal. No script, not good for timed things. Scripted: grammatically accurate, well panned for specified time. Takes time and energy. Memorized: Specified time frame, time & energy, write it yourself, excessively prepared and formal.

public speaking anxiety) nervousness or fear by performing. Effects people psychologically, physically and behaviorally. Manage: accept it as a norm, focus nervous energy on goal, visualize e a successful performance. DENSENSITIZATION

Facial expressions, eye contact, body and posture, gestures, and personal appearance

rate, pitch, volume, articulation and fluency.

improve audiences responses of attention, learning, and recall.

Text slides, graphic slides- tables, charts and pictures. ie. Video, audio, objects, flavors, textures, odors, handouts, and people

1.Remember the goal, 2. consider the context, 3. strive for simplicity, 4. be ethical, 5. practice, and 6. have a black up plan.

d. be ethical

• Defining: provide meaning of word • Describing: using a person, place or thing • Explaining: revealing why or how it works • Demonstrating: showing how to do something as it's explained

1. you care so you will have knowledge and enthusiasm to present, personal connection. 2. Increases credibility, listeners will care and believe that it matters. Vested interest in your topic and relates to listeners well.

1. physical needs, relational needs, identify needs, spiritual needs, and instrumental needs. Motivation! 2. sparking curiosity and having audience want the information

keep it short, simple, current, familiar, repeat key points, make it fun, and involve audience.

d. explaining