question

The Barringer Meteor Crater is a young (50,000 years old) crater located inside this state.

answer

Arizona

question

The greatest extinction (in percent of species extinct) in history occurred at the end of this period.

answer

Permian

question

(blank) are \"dusty iceballs\" of rock, frozen water and organic compounds.

answer

Comets

question

Once the flash heating of the atmosphere by the terminal Cretaceous impact cooled, atmospheric temperatures would have risen because of the vast amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere blocking solar radiation from reaching the surface.

answer

false

question

The vast majority of asteroids in our solar system are found in the Asteroid Belt between Jupiter and Pluto.

answer

false

question

The shortcoming of the volcano hypothesis is that it fails to demonstrate that the volume and type of volcanism could have accounted for the impact evidence and there can be little argument that a giant asteroid collided with Earth at precisely the time of the global extinctions.

answer

true

question

A rough estimate of the average duration of species prior to extinction is

answer

about 2 million years.

question

The comet head consists of a solid nucleus surrounded by a (blank) up to 1.5 million miles in diameter.

answer

nebulous coma

question

(Blank) is a rare platinum group metal.

answer

Iridium

question

The Kuiper Cloud is a large, spherical cloud of comets surrounding the solar system.

answer

false

question

The extinction of a species occurs when the last representative of a species is no longer capable of reproducing and dies, leaving only the fossil legacy of its time on earth.

answer

true

question

Microtektites are small, droplet-shaped silica glass cooled from molten material expelled from an impact crater.

answer

true

question

The fossil record reveals that the rate of extinction over geologic history was not a uniform rate.

answer

true

question

The Deccan traps of India and Pakistan, southern Brazil, and the western U. S. all show evidence of extensive volcanism at the time of the C/T boundary.

answer

true

question

The most famous of all extinctions occurred at the end of the (blank) and marks the boundary between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras.

answer

Cretaceous

question

In 1981, the geophysicist G. Penfield found a bowl-shaped depression near the Yucatan Peninsula town of Chicxulub that he thought might be the C/T boundary impact crater.

answer

true

question

Unlike the moon, Earth has very active weathering processes that over time remove the evidence of impacts, or at least make old one s very hard to recognize.

answer

true

question

All dinosaurs became extinct at the Creatceous/Tertiary boundary.

answer

true

question

All pterosaurs' skulls have huge eye sockets.

answer

true

question

The 400-500 teeth in each jaw of Pterodaustro may have been used as a sieve for filtering out plankton scooped up into its mouth.

answer

true

question

Most endotherms bear live young.

answer

true

question

Ramphorhyncoids went extinct prior to the great extinction of dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous.

answer

true

question

In most pterosaurs, the scapula and coracoid are fused to form a

answer

scapulocoracoid

question

Pterosaurs have a global distribution.

answer

true

question

The pterosaurs diversified into several lineages during the Lower Triassic.

answer

false

question

Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to develop flapping flight.

answer

true

question

All pterosaurs lacked teeth.

answer

false

question

The (blank) was a pterosaur membrane that extended from the fifth toe to the tail along the posterior edge of the leg.

answer

uropagatia

question

Only endothermic animals have developed the ability to fly.

answer

true

question

Which vertebrates were the first to be capable of powered flight?

answer

pterosaurs

question

The shape of the deltopectoral crest is used to differentiate pterosaur clades.

answer

true

question

The earliest pterosaurs are from the (blank) of Italy.

answer

Upper Triassic

question

Some Rhamphorhynchus specimens have a membranous tail vane.

answer

true

question

Which statement about pteranodons is false?

answer

They were all filter feeders. (True: They are toothless. They are the largest pterosaurs. They exhibit sexual dimorphism. They have global distribution.)

question

A decrease in abundance and diversity of pterosaurs during the Cretaceous, most probably was caused by

answer

diversification of marine birds.

question

There is no evidence that pterosaurs had body hair.

answer

false

question

Pterosaurs have a small head, relative to body size.

answer

false

question

There is no evidence of sexual dimorphism in pterosaurs.

answer

false

question

Pteranodons are among those pterosaurs exhibiting a number of anatomical differences between the sexes.

answer

true

question

The (blank) is a small membrane spanning the area between the shoulder and the wrist of pterosaurs.

answer

propatagium

question

The main wing membrane of pterosaurs is the

answer

patagium.

question

The pterosaur images in your text reveal that this South American country has a rich fossil record of these winged creatures.

answer

Brazil

question

The pterosaur humerus has a large (blank), an anterior projection for the anchoring of flight muscles.

answer

deltopectoral crest

question

Ichthyosaurs preceded dinosaurs by some 20-30 million years.

answer

true

question

All plesiosaurs had (blank), or belly ribs, that interlocked and supported the belly.

answer

gastralia

question

The first ichthyosaurs appeared during the Mid Triassic

answer

false

question

The sclerotic ring is a doughnut-shaped bone surrounding the

answer

eye.

question

Based upon the size of ichthyosaurs, it is estimated as capable of diving to a depth of 600 m and coming back to the surface in 20 minutes.

answer

true

question

Fossil evidence reveals that some mesosaurs were cannibalistic.

answer

true

question

Swimming propulsion of plesiosaurus was provided by the

answer

giant paddles.

question

Elasmosaurs had large skulls and short necks.

answer

false

question

Like turtles, ichthyosaurs were egg-layers.

answer

false

question

Plesiosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic and became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous (same as dinosaurs).

answer

true

question

Ichthyosaurs have short arms with strong limb girdles used for swimming.

answer

false

question

Some have likened this marine reptile to being a sauropod of the deep because of its long neck.

answer

elasmosaurus

question

The diet of mosasaurs also included a great deal of squid-like cephalopods, particularly of the now-extinct ammonites and belemnites.

answer

true

question

As with other plesiosaurs, the Pliosaurs also had large eyes, slightly forward, giving them overlapping fields of vision and the depth perception that comes with it.

answer

true

question

Ichthyosaurs were extinct when Mosasaurs evolved.

answer

true

question

Skulls of some mosasaurs were found with a (blank), a scent sniffer used by snakes and lizards.

answer

Jacobson's organ

question

The ancestry of ichthyosaurs is uncertain but they most likely are related to the (blank), a group including dinosaurs, birds, pterosaurs, lizards, snakes, etc.

answer

diapsids

question

The geologic range of mosasaurs is restricted to what period?

answer

Cretaceous

question

Pachycephalosaurus

answer

is the dinosaur with the thickest skull.

question

Argentinosaurus

answer

is believed to be the heaviest dinosaur.

question

Troodon

answer

was probably the most intelligent dinosaur based on brain size relayive to body size.

question

Micropachycephalosaurus

answer

was probably the shortest adult dinosaur, measuring 20 inches (50.8 cm).

question

Carcharodontosaurus is larger than T-rex.

answer

true

question

T-rex

answer

was the last of the great meat-eaters.

question

The most expensive dinosaur ever purchased is the T-rex called \"Sue.\"

answer

true

question

Supersaurus

answer

is believed to be the longest dinosaur.

question

Torosaurus

answer

has the biggest and longest skull of any dinosaur.

question

Gigantosaurus

answer

lived about 95 million years ago and appears to edge out other theropods for the title of largest meat-eater.

question

Stegosaurus

answer

is the dinosaur with the smallest head relative to body size.

question

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry was first discovered by Princeton graduate student William Lloyd.

answer

false

question

Osborn thought the Bone Cabin Quarry accumulated

answer

in an old river bar

question

Bone Cabin Quarry is near (10 miles) this famous dinosaur locality.

answer

Como Bluffs

question

Who discovered dinosaur fossils near Jensen, Utah and developed it into Dinosaur National Monument?

answer

Earl Douglass

question

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry contains the densest concentration of dinosaur bones from the Jurassic ever discovered.

answer

true

question

Roughly 3/4 of all dinosaur bones discovered at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry were those of plant-eating dinosaurs.

answer

false

question

The exact boundaries of the bone beds at Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry are still unknown.

answer

true

question

Dinosaur National Monument is the largest and most spectacular display in the world of dinosaur bones still embedded in the rocks that surround them.

answer

true

question

A Mexican sheepherder built a cabin of dinosaur bones at the site of Bone Cabin Quarry.

answer

true

question

Dinosaur National Monument was a dinosaur quarry for the Carnegie Museum prior to becoming a National Monument.

answer

true

question

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry National Landmark is located in Cleveland, Ohio.

answer

false

question

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry National Landmark is still an active quarry.

answer

true

question

Not teeth marks were ever found among dinosaur bones in the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry.

answer

false

question

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry suffered a devastating loss in the 1960's, when uranium exploration destroyed an estimated 100,000 dinosaur bones.

answer

false

question

In the spring of 1898 Henry Fairfield Osborn discovered Bone Cabin Quarry.

answer

true

question

In reading \"Fossil Wonders of the West,\" Osborn mentions a theory of dinosaur extinction based upon egg pouching by mammals.

answer

true

question

In 2001, the University of Utah graduate student Terri \"Bucky\" Gates hypothesized that the great number of dinosaur bones found in the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry is best explained by the presence of quicksand deposited by the runoff from a freshwater lake deposit.

answer

false

question

Large ectothermic dinosaurs would have more trouble maintaining a constant body temperature than smaller ones because of their large body volume.

answer

false

question

Dr. Bakker finds the predator/herbivore dinosaur ratios similar to Cenozoic mammal (endothermic) populations and interprested this as strong evidence for endothermy.

answer

true

question

Endothermic predator-prey ratios should be lower than for ectotherms.

answer

true

question

Today feathers are found only on endothermic birds.

answer

true

question

Most ectotherms have sprawling postures.

answer

true

question

Endotherms require more food per body weight than is the case for ectotherms.

answer

true

question

Mammals have a fully divided 4 chamber heart and numerous fossilzed dinosaurs have only 2 chambers.

answer

false

question

Endotherms require great motor and sensory control which is associated with larger and more complex brains.

answer

true

question

Most endotherms are egg-layers.

answer

false

question

Most endotherms have an erect gait.

answer

true

question

Many dinosaurs have lamellar-zonal bone (growth rings), a common characteristic of living ectotherms with seasonal pauses in their growth.

answer

true

question

Growth rings occur in all living endotherms because of a seasonal pause in bone growth as food supplies are limited or climate unfavorable.

answer

false

question

Endotherms must eat more food per body volume than ectotherms because of their higher level of activity.

answer

true

question

The rate of metabolic reactions depends on the internal body temperature.

answer

true

question

The density of blood vessels in bone is higher in all ectotherms than endotherms.

answer

false

question

Ectothermic animals maintain a body temperature at 36-40 degrees Celsius.

answer

false

question

Endotherms require high blood pressure and rapid blood circulation to allow oxygen and energy to circulate quickly through the body.

answer

true

question

The optimum temperature of mammals is usually lower than those in the environment around them.

answer

false

question

Ectothermic animals develop their heat from the external environment rather than metabolic sources.

answer

true

question

Dinosaurs have complex scrolls of thin bone within the nasal cavity (turbinates) once covered with mucous membranes.

answer

false

question

Ceratopsians were very social animals, some travelling in large groups or herds of 1000 or more individuals.

answer

true

question

Ceratopsians do not display sexual dimorphism.

answer

false

question

Pentaceratops have 5 significant horns--2 horns are forward-pointing over the orbits, another a nasal horn, and 2 protruding cheekbone horns.

answer

true

question

Pachyrhinosaurus is a memorable ceratopism of about 6 m in the length, with a short beak, and a low face with masses of very roughened bone that extend the length of the snout from the nose to eyes.

answer

true

question

Chasmosaurus has two very large openings (parietal fenestra) in the frill.

answer

true

question

Whereas Psittacosaurus has only a small rudimentary frill, the Protoceratopsidae display a much larger bony frill that extended back over the neck.

answer

true

question

Ceratopsians became very abundant in the Late Cretaceous, especially in North America.

answer

true

question

The Neoceratopsia is comprised of 2 families, the smaller Protceratopsidae and the Ceratopisdae.

answer

true

question

Protoceratops bears the distinction of being one of the first dinosaurs for which specimens were found of a range of ages, probably of each sex.

answer

true

question

The Ceratopsia (\"horned faces\") includes a relatively large group of some 20 genera, mostly from the Upper Cretaceous of North America.

answer

true

question

Ceratopsians are ornithiscian dinosaurs and are closely related to ornithopods, both being plant-eating ornithiscians.

answer

true

question

Triceratops was the smallest of the ceratopsians.

answer

false

question

As is the case with Psittacosauridae, the Protoceratopsidae have no nasal or post-orbital horns, just a thickened bump in front of the orbit.

answer

true

question

Centrosaurus have 6 long, bony spikes sticking out fanwise from the back of its frill.

answer

false

question

Protoceratops has no horns (nasal or post-orbital) and the nostrils are much larger than the Ceratopsidae.

answer

false

question

Psittacosaurus is the basal member of the ceratopsian clade and the only member of the Psittacosauridae.

answer

true

question

All ceratopsians had horns on their skull.

answer

false

question

The Ceratopsidae are all large, habitually bipedal, with very large skulls, large nostrils, very prominent frills, and a variety of horns.

answer

false

question

The margins of some ceratopsian frills had extra bones called

answer

epoccipitals

question

Centrosaurus has 2 large frill openings (parietal fenestra) with a parietal strut dividing them.

answer

true

question

The Neoceatopsia were obligate bipedals.

answer

false

question

Psittacosaurus is the basal member of the ceratopsian clade and the only member of the Psittacosauridae.

answer

true

question

All ceratopsians had a relatively large frill.

answer

false

question

While the Protoceratopsidae were bipedal, the Psittacosaurus were clearly an obligate quadrupedal.

answer

false

question

The frill is a shelf of bone projecting from the back of the skull.

answer

true

question

3 dimensional vision occurs because each eye sees an object at a slightly different angle, therefore, projecting a slightly different image on the retina.

answer

true

question

Animals with a wide range of depth perception are more often ambush predators, lying in wait until their prey comes close and within range of depth perception.

answer

false

question

An infection on the toe of \"Big Al\" the Allosaurus contributed to his death.

answer

true

question

Although some fossilized dinosaur organs have been recovered, none of these is a heart.

answer

false

question

In rare cases, internal organs may be represented as fossil molds or casts, even more rarely they are mineralized.

answer

true

question

Active predators tend to have a narrower range of depth perception than scavengers or ambush predators.

answer

false

question

The blood pressure required to pump blood from the heart to the head is a function of the distance and elevation from the head to the heart.

answer

true

question

All animals have different monocular and binocular ranges of vision.

answer

true

question

Allosaurus and Carcharadontosaurus had binocular fields of vision half as wide and more similar to modern alligators. These dinosaurs may have been ambush predators.

answer

true

question

Binocular vision occurs where the two monocular fields of view overlap and it is within the binocular range that an animal experiences depth perception.

answer

true

question

Dinosaurs developed tumors, had arthritis, and suffered from diffused idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).

answer

true

question

The crest of lambeosaurines are hollow with a complex series of tubes inside, connecting to the nose and throats.

answer

true

question

Bacterial infection from bites and scratches may have been lethal to dinosaurs.

answer

true

question

A mature Brachiosaurus may have held its head 43 ft (13 m) above the ground, more than twice the height of a giraffe.

answer

true

question

Among the important measurements taken at trackways is the depth of the impression.

answer

False

question

The initial step in measuring dinosaur tracks and trackways is to measure the size and shape of individual fore (manus) and hind (pes) footprints and the angles and distances between them.

answer

True

question

The Linnaean system of nomenclature provides a uniform language of communication for scientists to refer to the same object or species.

answer

True

question

The largest front prints of sauropods are more than a meter long an deeper than a bathtub.

answer

True

question

Dinosaur tracks are best preserved in sediment that was moist but not too moist.

answer

True

question

Dinosaurs did not drag their tail or belly, indicating that they walked upright with their limbs directly (or nearly so) under their body.

answer

True

question

More than one consecutive dinosaur track is a

answer

trackway.

question

Places covered with dinosaur tracks, such as watering holes or migratory paths.

answer

dinosaur stomping grounds

question

The heel of tridactyl theropod tracks is more rounded than the heel of tridactyl hadrosaurs' tracks.

answer

False

question

The term \"pentadactyl\" refers to a foot or hand with how many digits?

answer

5

question

Quadruped tracks generally reveal differences in the size and shape of rear and front prints.

answer

true

question

Dinosaur tracks and trackways demonstrate that dinosaurs were diagonal walkers, meaning that there is an angle between the midline of travel and successive right and left footprints.

answer

true

question

Tracks of stegosaurs are extremely rare which suggests that stegosaurs were probably upland or dryland animals, rarely near wetland areas where tracks are preserved.

answer

true

question

Quadruped tracks are the most common, suggesting that most dinosaurs walked on four legs.

answer

false

question

The term (blank) refers to those tracks with 4 digits

answer

tetradactyl

question

The stride refers to the distance between successive steps, for example, the distance between the steps of your right foot and your next step of the left foot.

answer

false

question

Theropod tracks generally have relatively long and narrow digit impressions, each digit ending with sharp, slender claw marks.

answer

true

question

The rem gastrolith refers to fossilized fecal matter.

answer

false

question

Dinosaur tracks have been found on all continents, except

answer

Antarctica

question

The shortcoming of the volcanic hypothesis is that it fails to demonstrate the volume and type of volcanism could have accounted for the impact evidence and there can be little argument that a giant asteroid collided with Earth at precisely the time of the global extinctions.

answer

True

question

The extinction of a species occurs when the last representative of the species is no longer capable of reproducing and dies, leaving only the fossil legacy of its time on Earth.

answer

True

question

The fossil record reveals that the rate of extinction over a geologic history was not a uniform rate.

answer

True

question

The Kuiper Cloud is a large, spherical cloud of comets surround the solar system.

answer

False

question

Once the flash heating of the atmosphere by the terminal Cretaceous impact cooled, atmospheric temperatures would have risen because of the vast amount of particulate matter in the atmosphere blocking solar radiation from reaching the surface.

answer

False

question

The fossil record reveals that extinctions typically involve all forms of life (invertebrates, vertebrates, plants, etc) at similar rates.

answer

False

question

The Barringer Meteor Crater is a young (50,000 years old) crater located in this state.

answer

Arizona

question

The greatest extinction (in percent of species extinct) in history occurred at the end of this period.

answer

Permian

question

A rough estimate of the average duration of species prior to extinction is ______.

answer

About 2 million years

question

The fossil record reveals that most species extinctions were caused by changes in the natural environment.

answer

True

question

The comet head consists of a solid nucleus surround by a _____ up to 1.5 million miles in diameter.

answer

Nebulous coma

question

______ are \"dusty iceballs\" of rock, frozen water, and organic compounds.

answer

Comets

question

All dinosaurs became extinct at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary.

answer

True

question

Unlike the moon, Earth has a very active weathering process that over time remove the evidence of impacts, or at least make old ones very hard to recognize.

answer

True

question

The most famous of all extinctions occurred at the end of the ____ and marks the boundary between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.

answer

Cretaceous

question

____ is a rare platinum group metal.

answer

Iridium

question

The Deccan traps of India and Pakistan, southern Brazil, and the western US all show evidence of extensive volcanism at the time of the C/T boundary.

answer

True

question

Microtekites are small, droplet-shaped silica glass cooled form molten material expelled form an impact crater.

answer

True

question

The vast majority of asteroids in our solar system are found in the Asteroid Belt between Jupiter and Pluto.

answer

False

question

In 1981, the geophysicist G. Penfield, found a bow-shaped depression near the Yucatan Peninsula town of Chicxulub tat he thought might be the C/T boundary impact crater.

answer

True

question

Pterosaurs have a small head, relative to their body size.

answer

False

question

The pterosaur humerus has a large ____, an anterior projection for the anchoring of flight muscles.

answer

Deltopectoral crest

question

The shape of the deltopectoral crest is used to differentiate pterosaur clades.

answer

True

question

Ramphorhyncoids went extinct prior to the great extinction of dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous.

answer

True

question

The ____ was a pterosaur membrane that extended from the fifth toe to the tail along the posterior edge of the leg.

answer

Uropatagia

question

The main wing membrane of pterosaurs is the _____.

answer

Patagium

question

Which vertebrate animals were the first to be capable of powered flight?

answer

Pterosaurs

question

Pterosaurs have a global distribution.

answer

True

question

Only endothermic animals have developed the ability to fly.

answer

True

question

There is no evidence that pterosaurs had body hair.

answer

False

question

Most endotherms bear live young.

answer

True

question

The earliest pterosaurs are from the _____ of Italy.

answer

Upper Triassic

question

All pterosaurs lacked teeth.

answer

False

question

There is no evidence of sexual dimorphism in pterosaurs.

answer

False

question

The 400-500 teeth in each jaw of Pterodaustro may have been used as a sieve for filtering out plankton scooped up into its mouth.

answer

True

question

In most pterosaurs, the scapula and coracoid are fused to form a ____.

answer

Scapulocoracoid

question

A decrease in the abundance and diversity of pterosaurs during the Cretaceous, most probably was caused by _____.

answer

Diversification of marine birds

question

Pteranodons are among those pterosaurs exhibiting a number of anatomical differences between the sexes.

answer

True

question

Some Rhamphorhynchus specimens have a membranous tail vane.

answer

True

question

Most endotherms bear live young.

answer

True

question

Which statement about pteranodons is false?

answer

They were all filter feeders

question

The pterosaur images in your text reveal that this South American country has a rich fossil record of these winged creatures.

answer

Brazil

question

Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to develop flapping flight.

answer

True

question

All pterosaurs skulls have huge eye sockets.

answer

True

question

The ______ is a small membrane spanning the area between the shoulder and the wrist of pterosaurs.

answer

Propatagium

question

The pterosaurs diversified into several lineages during the Lower Triassic

answer

False

question

There is no evidence of sexual dimorphism in pterosaurs.

answer

False

question

Ichthyosaurs were extinct when Mosasaurs evolved.

answer

True

question

Ichthyosarus preceded dinosaurs by some 20-30 million years.

answer

True

question

As with other plesiosaurs, the Pliosaurs also had large eyes, slightly forward, giving them overlapping fields of vision and the depth perception that comes with it.

answer

True

question

Based upon the size of ichthyosaurs, it is estimated as capable of diving to a depth of 600 meters and coming back to the surface in 20 minutes.

answer

True

question

The geologic range of mosasaurs is restricted to what period?

answer

Cretaceous

question

Like turtles, ichthyosaurs were egg-layers.

answer

False

question

The sclerotic ring is a doughnut-shaped bone surrounding the ____.

answer

Eye

question

Ichthyosaurs have short arms with strong limb girdles used for swimming.

answer

False

question

Some have likened this marine reptile to being a sauropod of the deep because of its long neck.

answer

Elasmosaurus

question

Plesiosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic and became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous (same time as dinosaurs).

answer

True

question

Propulsion of mosasaurs through the water was accomplished by ____.

answer

Undulation of the eel-like tail

question

Skulls of some mosasaurs were found with a ____, a scent sniffer used by snakes and lizards.

answer

Jacobson's organ

question

The ancestry of ichthyosaurs is uncertain but they most likely are related to the ____, a group including dinosaurs, birds, pterosaurs, lizards, snakes, etc.

answer

Diapsids

question

Fossil evidence reveals that some mosasaurs were cannibalistic.

answer

True

question

Elasmosaurs had large skulls and short necks

answer

False

question

Swimming propulsion of plesiosaurs was provided by the ____.

answer

Giant paddles

question

The diet of mosasaurs also inclined a great deal of squid-like cephalopods, particularly of the now extinct ammonites and belemnites.

answer

True

question

The first ichthyosaurs appeared during the Middle Triassic.

answer

False

question

Ichthyosaur fossils have been found on most continents.

answer

True

question

All plesiosaurs had ___, or belly ribs, that interlocked and supported the belly.

answer

Gastralia

question

______ was probably the shortest adult dinosaur, measuring 20 inches (50.8cm)

answer

Micropachycephalosaurus

question

_____ was the last of the great meat-eaters.

answer

Tyrannosaurus rex

question

____ lived abuot 95 million years ago and appears to edge out other theropods for the title of the largest meat-eater.

answer

Gigantosaurus

question

_____ was probably the most intelligent dinosaur based on brain size relative to body size.

answer

Troodon

question

_____ is believed to be the heaviest dinosaur.

answer

Argentinosaurus

question

Carcharodontosaurus is larger than tyrannosaurus rex.

answer

True

question

_____ has the biggest and longest skull of any dinosaur.

answer

Torosaurus

question

______ is believed to be the longest dinosaur.

answer

Supersaurus

question

______ is the dinosaur with the smallest head relative to its body size.

answer

Stegosaurus

question

_____ is the dinosaur with the thickest skull.

answer

Pachycephalosaurus

question

The most expensive dinosaur ever purchased is the Tyrannosaurus rex called \"Sue\".

answer

True

question

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry was first discovered by Princeton graduate student William Lloyd.

answer

False

question

Who discovered dinosaur fossils near Jensen, Utah and developed it into Dinosaur National Monument?

answer

Earl Douglass

question

No teeth marks were ever found among dinosaur bones in the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry.

answer

False

question

A Mexican sheepherder built a cabin of dinosaur bones at the site of Bone Cabin Quarry.

answer

True

question

Roughly three-quarters of all dinosaur bones discovered at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry were those of plant-eating dinosaurs.

answer

False

question

Bone Cabin Quarry is near (10 miles) this famous dinosaur locality.

answer

Como Bluffs

question

Dinosaur National Monument was a dinosaur quarry for the Carnegie Museum prior to becoming a National Monument.

answer

True

question

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry suffered a devastating loss in the 1960's, when uranium exploration destroyed an estimated 100,000 dinosaur bones.

answer

False

question

In 2001, University of Utah graduate student Terri \"Bucky\" Gates hypothesized that the great number of dinosaur bones found in the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry is best explained by the presence of quicksand deposited by the runoff from a freshwater lake deposit.

answer

False

question

In the reading \"Fossil Wonders of the West\", Osborn mentions a theory of dinosaur extinction based upon egg pouching by mammals.

answer

True

question

The exact boundaries of the bone beds at Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry are still unknown.

answer

True

question

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry contains the densest concentration of dinosaur bones from the Jurassic ever discovered.

answer

True

question

The Clevelend-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry National Landmark is located in Cleveland, Ohio.

answer

False

question

In the spring of 1898 Henry Fairfield Osborn discovered Bone Cabin Quarry.

answer

True

question

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry National Landmark is still an active quarry.

answer

True

question

Dinosaur National Monument is the largest and most spectacular display in the world of dinosaur bones still imbedded int eh rocks that surround them.

answer

True

question

Osborn thought the Bone Cabin Quarry fossils accumulated ____.

answer

In an old river bar

question

Most ectotherms have sprawling postures

answer

True

question

Ectothermic animals maintain a body temperature at 36-40 degrees C.

answer

False

question

Endotherms require great motor and sensory control which is associated with larger and more complex brains.

answer

True

question

The density of blood vessels in bone is higher in all ectotherms than in endotherms.

answer

False

question

Mammals have a fully divided four-chambered heart and numerous fossil dinosaur hearts have only two chambers

answer

False

question

Today feathers are only found on endothermic birds.

answer

True

question

Dinosaurs have complex scrolls of thin bone within the nasal cavity (turbinates) once covered with mucous membranes.

answer

False

question

Most endotherms are egg-layers.

answer

False

question

The optimum temperature of mammals is usually lower than those in the environment around them.

answer

False

question

Endotherms require more food per body weight than is the case for ectotherms.

answer

True

question

One dinosaur researcher, Dr. Bakker, finds the predator/herbivore dinosaur ratios similar to Cenozoic mammal (endothermic) populations and interpreted this as strong evidence for endothermy.

answer

True

question

Endothermic predator- prey ratios should be lower than for ectotherms.

answer

True

question

Most endotherms have an erect gait.

answer

True

question

Endotherms require high blood pressure and rapid blood circulation to allow against oxygen and energy to circulate quickly through the body.

answer

True

question

Ectothermic animals develop their heat from the external environment rather than metabolic sources.

answer

True

question

Endotherms must eat more food per body volume than ectotherms because of their higher level of activity.

answer

True

question

Growth rings occur in all living endotherms because of a seasonal pause in bone growth as food supplies are limited or climate unfavorable.

answer

False

question

Many dinosaurs have lamellar-zonal bone (growth rings), a common characteristic of living ectotherms with seasonal pauses in their growth.

answer

True

question

Large ectothermic dinosaurs would have more trouble maintaining a constant body temperature than smaller ones because of their large body volume.

answer

False

question

The rate of metabolic reactions depends on the internal body temperature.

answer

True

question

The thickened skull of ____ has led to speculation that males clashed heads with one another in competition for females during breeding season.

answer

Pachycephalosaurus

question

Most Pachycephalosaurs lived during the Late Cretaceous in ____

answer

North America and Asia

question

The Homalocephalidae were the largest pachycephalosaurs

answer

False

question

Pachycephalosaurs were all bipedal

answer

True

question

Which of the following pachycephalosaur characteristics is false?

answer

Quadrapedal

question

Pachycephalosaurs first evolved during the _____.

answer

Early Cretaceous

question

The name \"Pachycephalosauria\" means ____.

answer

Thick-headed

question

All known pachycephalsaurs are from the Northern Hemisphere.

answer

True

question

Pachycephalosauridae have a flat skull roof.

answer

False

question

Running, Stegoceras would have had its back almost perpendicular with the ground requiring the tail to act as a counterbalance.

answer

False

question

The Homalocephalidae family is more diverse than the Pachycephalosauridae.

answer

False

question

The Pachycephalosauria are divided into two families based upon their ____.

answer

Skull roof characteristics

question

The Homalocephalidae were the largest pachycephalosaurs.

answer

False

question

Pachycephalosaurs were all herbivores.

answer

True

question

Unlike Stegoceras, Pachycephalosaurus has very prominent bony spikes projecting from the snout.

answer

True

question

Homalocephale from Mongolia had a relatively flat skull roof.

answer

True

question

Psittacosaurus is the basal member of the ceratopsian clade and the only member of the Psittacosauridae.

answer

True

question

Protoceratops bears the distinction of being one of the first dinosaurs for which specimens were found of a range ages, probably of each sex.

answer

True

question

Ceratopsians do not display sexual dimorphism.

answer

False

question

Triceratops was the smallest of all ceratopsians.

answer

False

question

Pentaceratops has five significant horns—two horns are forward pointing over the orbits, another a nasal horn, and two protruding cheekbone horns.

answer

True

question

Centrosaurus has two large frill openings (pariental fenestra) with a parietal strut dividing them.

answer

True

question

The Ceratopsidae are all large, habitually bipedal, with very large skulls, large nostrils, very prominent frills, and a variety of horns.

answer

False

question

As is the case with the Psittacosauridae, the Protoceratopsidae have no nasal or post-orbital horns, just a thickened bump in front of the orbit.

answer

True

question

Ceratopsians were very social animals, some traveling in large groups or herds of 1000 or more individuals.

answer

True

question

The Neoceatopsia were obligate bipedals.

answer

False

question

Ceratopsians became very abundant in the Late Cretaceous, especially in North America.

answer

True

question

All ceratopsians had horns on their skull.

answer

False

question

Ceratopsians are ornithischian dinosaurs and are closely related to ornithopods, both being plant-eating ornithischians.

answer

True

question

Protoceratops has no horns (nasal or post-orbital) and the nostrils are much larger than the Ceratopsidae.

answer

False

question

The frill is a shelf of bone projecting from the back of the skull.

answer

True

question

The Neoceratopsia is comprised of two families, the smaller Protoceratopsidae and the Ceratopsidae.

answer

True

question

A bony shelf on the back of the skull unites this group called the ______.

answer

Marginocephalia

question

The margins of some ceratopsian frills had extra bones called ______.

answer

Epoccipitals

question

The Ceratopsia (\"horned faces\") includes a relatively large group of some 20 genera, mostly from upper cretaceous of North America.

answer

True

question

Pachyrhinosaurus is a memorable ceratopsian of about 6m in length, with a short beak, and a low face with masses of very roughened bone that extend the length of the snout from the nose to eyes.

answer

True

question

Whereas Psittacosaurus has only a small rudimentary frill, the Protoceratopsidae display a much larger bony frill that extended back over the neck.

answer

True

question

All ceratopsians had a relatively large frill.

answer

False

question

Chasmosaurus has two very large openings (parietal fenestra) in the frill.

answer

True

question

While the Protoceratopsidae were bipedal, the Psittacosaurus were clearly an obligate quadrupedal.

answer

False

question

Centrosaurus has six long, bony spikes sticking out fanwise from the back of its frill.

answer

False

question

Although some fossilized dinosaur organs have been recovered, none of these is of a heart.

answer

False

question

Bacterial infection from bites and scratches may have been lethal to dinosaurs.

answer

True

question

Three-dimensional vision occurs because each eye sees an object at a slightly different angle, therefore, projecting a slightly different image on the retina.

answer

True

question

In rare cases, internal organs may be represented as fossil molds or casts, even more rarely they are mineralized.

answer

True

question

Allosaurus and Carcharadontosaurus had binocular fields of vision half as wide and more similar to modern alligators. These dinosaurs may have ben ambush predators.

answer

True

question

Dinosaurs developed tumors, had arthritis, and suffered from diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).

answer

True

question

The blood pressure required to pump blood from the heart to the head is a function of the distance and elevation of the head form the heart.

answer

True

question

A hatchling of this dinosaur was found in Italy with fossilized traces of muscles, large intestines, windpipe, and a liver spot.

answer

Scipionyx

question

Binocular vision occurs where the two monocular fields of view overlap and it is within the binocular range that an animal experiences depth perception.

answer

True

question

Active predators tend to have a narrower range of depth perception than scavengers or ambush predators.

answer

False

question

All animals have different monocular and binocular ranges of vision.

answer

True

question

Active predators tend to have a narrower range of depth perception than scavengers or ambush predators.

answer

False

question

Animals with a wide range of depth perception are more often ambush predators, lying in wait until their prey comes close and within their range of depth perception.

answer

False

question

A mature Brachiosaurus may have held its head 43 feet (13m) above the ground, more than twice the height of a giraffe.

answer

True

question

An infection of the toe on the right food of \"Big Al\" the Allosaurus contributed to his death.

answer

True

question

The crest of a lambeosaurines is hollow with a complex series of tubes inside, connecting to the nose and throats.

answer

True

question

The Linnaean system of nomenclature provides a uniform language of communication for scientists to refer to the same object or species.

answer

True

question

Dinosaur tracks and trackways demonstrate that dinosaurs were diagonal walkers, meaning there is an angle between the mid-line of travel and successive right and left footprints.

answer

True

question

The term gastrolith refers to fossilized fecal material.

answer

False

question

The initial step in measuring dinosaurs tracks and trackways is to measure the size and shape of individual fore (manus) and hind (pes) footprints and the angles and distances between them.

answer

True

question

Quadruped tracks generally reveal differences in the size and shape of rear and front prints.

answer

True

question

The term ____ refers to those tracks with four digits.

answer

Tetradactyl

question

The largest of the front prints of sauropods are more than a meter long and deep as a bathtub.

answer

True

question

Among the important measurements taken at trackways is the depth of the impression.

answer

False

question

Tracks of stegosaurs are extremely rare which suggests that stegosaurs were probably upland or dryland animals, rarely near wetland areas where tracks are preserved.

answer

True

question

Dinosaur tracks are best preserved in sediment that was moist but not too moist.

answer

True

question

Dinosaur tracks have been found on all continents, except ______.

answer

Antarctica

question

Quadruped tracks are the most common type of dinosaur tracks, suggesting that most dinosaurs walked on four legs.

answer

False

question

In some places bedding planes are completely covered with dinosaur tracks. They most often seem to occur around watering holes but may also be developed along migratory paths. These types of track occurrences are called ______.

answer

Dinosaur stomping grounds

question

Theropod tracks generally have relatively long and narrow digit impressions, each digit ending with sharp, slender claw marks.

answer

True

question

Coprolites are trace fossils representing stones that were swallowed to assist in the digestion of food.

answer

False

question

Dinosaurs did not drag their tail or belly, indicating they walked upright with their limbs directly (or nearly so) under their body.

answer

True

question

The heel of tridactyl theropod tracks is more rounded than the hell of tridactyl hadrosaurs tracks.

answer

False

question

More than one consecutive dinosaur track is a ______.

answer

Trackway

question

The term \"pentadactyl\" refers to a foot or hand with how many digits?

answer

5

question

The stride refers to the distance between successive steps, for example, the distance between the step of your right foot and your next step of the left foot.

answer

False

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