Exploring the Benefits of Application Software Bars in IE 10
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app bars
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Bars that float above the screen and that contain applications such as the Tabs bar and the Address bar; a new feature of Internet Explorer 10.
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application software
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The set of programs on a computer that helps a user carry out tasks such as word processing, sending e-mail, balancing a budget, creating presentations, editing photos, taking an online course, and playing games.
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application programming interface (API)
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A set of software routines that allows one software system to work with another.
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authentication
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The process of identifying a computer user, based on a login or username and password. The computer system determines whether the computer user is authorized and what level of access is to be granted on the network.
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basic input/output system (BIOS)
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A program that manages the data between a computer's operating system and all the input and output devices attached to the computer; also responsible for loading the operating system (OS) from its permanent location on the hard drive to random access memory (RAM).
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boot process
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The process for loading the operating system (OS) into random access memory (RAM) when the computer is turned on.
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charms
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Special shortcuts for performing common tasks, such as searching or sharing information, created for Windows 8.
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cluster
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The smallest increment in which data is stored on hard disks; hard disks are divided into tracks, then wedges, then sectors, then clusters.
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command-driven interface
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Interface between user and computer in which the user enters commands to communicate with the computer system.
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directory
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A hierarchical structure that include files, folders, and drives used to create a more organized and efficient computer.
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Disk Cleanup
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A Windows utility that removes unnecessary files from the hard drive.
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disk defragmenting
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A utility that regroups related pieces of files on the hard drive, enabling faster retrieval of the data.
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Distributions (distros)
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Linux download packages.
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error-checking
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A Windows utility that checks for lost files and fragments as well as physical errors on a hard drive.
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event
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The result of an action, such as a keystroke, mouse click, or signal to the printer, in the respective device (keyboard, mouse, or printer) to which the operating system responds.
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extension (file type)
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In a file name, the three letters that follow the user-supplied file name after the dot (.); the extension identifies what kind of family of files the file belongs to, or which application should be used to read the file.
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file
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A collection of related pieces of information stored together for easy reference.
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file allocation table (FAT)
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An index of all sector numbers that the hard drive stores in a table to keep track of which sectors hold which files.
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file compression utility
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A program that takes out redundancies in a file in order to reduce the file size.
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File Explorer
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The main tool for finding, viewing, and managing the contents of your computer by showing the location and contents of every drive, folder, and file; called Windows Explorer prior to Windows 8.
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File History
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A Windows utility that automatically creates a duplicate of your libraries, desktop, contacts, and favorites and copies it to another storage device, such as an external hard drive.
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file management
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The process by which humans or computer software provide organizational structure to a computer's contents.
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file name
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The first part of the label applied to a file; generally the name a user assigns to the file when saving it.
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file path
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The exact location of a file, starting with the drive in which the file is located and including all folders, subfolders (if any), the file name, and the extension (example: C:UsersusernameDocumentsIllustrationsEBronte.jpg).
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folder
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A collection of files stored on a computer.
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graphical user interface (GUI)
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Unlike the command- and menu-driven interfaces used in earlier software, GUIs display graphics and use the point-and-click technology of the mouse and cursor, making them much more user-friendly.
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interrupt
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A signal that tells the operating system that it's in need of immediate attention.
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interrupt handler
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A special numerical code that prioritizes requests from various devices. These requests then are placed in the interrupt table in the computer's primary memory.
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kernel (supervisor program)
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The essential component of the operating system that's responsible for managing the processor and all other components of the computer system. Because it stays in random access memory (RAM) the entire time the computer is powered on, the kernel is called memory resident.
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library
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Introduced with Windows 7, a folder that's used to display files from different locations as if they were all saved in a single folder, regardless of where they are actually stored in the file hierarchy.
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Linux
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An open-source operating system based on UNIX. Because of the stable nature of this operating system, it's often used on web servers.
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Mac OS
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The first commercially available operating system to incorporate a graphical user interface (GUI) with user-friendly point- and-click technology.
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menu-driven interface
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A user interface in which the user chooses a command from menus displayed on the screen.
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multitask
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The ability of an operating system to perform more than one process at a time.
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multiuser operating system (network operating system)
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An operating system that enables more than one user to access the computer system at one time by efficiently juggling all the requests from multiple users.
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network operating system (NOS)
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Software that handles requests for information, Internet access, and the use of peripherals for the rest of the network node, providing the services necessary for the computers on the network to communicate.
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paging
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The process of swapping data or instructions that have been placed in the swap file for later use back into active random access memory (RAM). The contents of the hard drive's swap file then become less active data or instructions.
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path separator
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The backslash mark () used by Microsoft Windows and DOS in file names. Mac files use a colon (:), and UNIX and Linux use the forward slash (/) as the path separator.
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pinning
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The process through which you choose which applications are visible on the Windows Start screen.
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platform
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The combination of a computer's operating system and processor. The two most common platform types are the PC and the Apple.
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Plug and Play (PnP)
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The technology that enables the operating system, once it is booted up, to recognize automatically any new peripherals and to configure them to work with the system.
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power-on self-test (POST)
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The first job the basic input/output system (BIOS) performs, ensuring that essential peripheral devices are attached and operational. This process consists of a test on the video card and video memory, a BIOS identification process (during which the BIOS version, manufacturer, and data are displayed on the monitor), and a memory test to ensure memory chips are working properly.
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preemptive multitasking
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When the operating system processes the task assigned a higher priority before processing a task that has been assigned a lower priority.
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real-time operating system (RTOS)
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A program with a specific purpose that must guarantee certain response times for particular computing tasks or else the machine's application is useless. Real-time operating systems are found in many types of robotic equipment.
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Recycle Bin
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A folder on a Windows desktop in which deleted files from the hard drive are held until permanently purged from the system.
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Refresh your PC
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A new utility program in Windows 8 that attempts to diagnose and fix errors in your Windows system files that are causing your computer to behave improperly.
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registry
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A portion of the hard drive containing all the different configurations (settings) used by the Windows operating system as well as by other applications.
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root directory
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The top level of the filing structure in a computer system. In Windows computers, the root directory of the hard drive is represented as C:.
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sector
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A section of a hard drive platter, wedge-shaped from the center of the platter to the edge.
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source code
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The instructions programmers write in a higher-level language.
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spooler
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A program that helps coordinate all print jobs being sent to the printer at the same time.
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Start screen
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The first interaction you have with the Windows operating system and the pace where you begin your computing activities.
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swap file (page file)
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A temporary storage area on the hard drive where the operating system "swaps out" or moves the data or instructions from random access memory (RAM) that haven't recently been used. This process takes place when more RAM space is needed.
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system files
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The main files of an operating system.
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System Restore
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A utility in Windows that restores system settings to a specific previous date when everything was working properly.
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system restore point
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In Windows, a snapshot of your entire system's settings used for restoring your system to a prior point in time.
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system software
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The set of programs that enables a computer's hardware devices and application software to work together; it includes the operating system and utility programs.
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taskbar
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In later versions of Windows operating systems, a feature that displays open and favorite applications for easy access.
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Task Manager
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A Windows utility that shows programs currently running and permits you to exit nonresponsive programs when you click End Task.
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thrashing
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A condition of excessive paging in which the operating system becomes sluggish.
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track
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A concentric circle that serves as a storage area on a hard drive platter.
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UNIX
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An operating system originally conceived in 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie of AT's Bell Labs. In 1974, the UNIX code was rewritten in the standard programming language C. Today there are various commercial versions of UNIX.
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user interface
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Part of the operating system that enables individuals to interact with the computer.
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utility program
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A small program that performs many of the general housekeeping tasks for the computer, such as system maintenance and file compression.
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virtual memory
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The space on the hard drive where the operating system stores data if there isn't enough random access memory to hold all of the programs you're currently trying to run.
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Windows 8
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Newest release of Microsoft's operating system that provides, a new interface optimized for touch-screen devices.
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Windows 8 apps
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Applications specifically designed to run in the Windows 8 interface; these apps are displayed full screen, without borders or controls.
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Windows 8 interface
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New interface designed for Windows 8; features large type with clean, readable block images inspired by metropolitan service signs such as those found on bus stations and subways.
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Linux
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Which is not an example of a smartphone operating system? a. iOS b. BlackBerry c. Android d. Linux
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RTOS Real time operating system is fount in
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your automobile
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tracks connections to external networks
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All of the following are key attributes of an operating system EXCEPT a. manages memory and storage b. provides a user interface c. manages the CPU d. tracks connections to external networks
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graphical user
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Modern operating systems such as Windows and OS X use a _____________ interface.c. menu-driven d. text-based
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swap
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If your computer can't store all the required operating system data in RAM, it can use a temporary file on the hard drive to store data. This is known as a _________ file.
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TRUE
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Each device attached to your computer needs a device driver to communicate with the operating system.
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FALSE
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The first step of the boot process is the Power-on self-test (POST).
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System Restore
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Which of the following is not considered an accessibility utility? a. System Restore b. Magnifier c. Narrator d. Speech Recognition
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Windows 8 Metro apps run
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run full screen
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File Explorer
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The Windows app used for file management is
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file path
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The location of a file on a drive such as C:DocumentsCIS110HomeworkTermpaper.docx is known as the
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TRUE
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You can terminate non-responsive programs with Task Manager.
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FALSE
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System restore points can only be automatically created by Windows on a regular schedule.
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Pinning
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_______ is choosing which applications are visible on the Start screen in Windows 8.
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MS-DOS
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What was the first widely installed operating system in personal computers?
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virtual memory
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When RAM runs out of space, it borrows space from the hard drive. The space on the hard drive used by the operating system is called __________.
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AT&T
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What company developed UNIX?
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Details.
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Which view in Windows Explorer is the most interactive?
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spooler
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A program that helps coordinate all print jobs currently being sent to the printer is a(n) __________.
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Run an error check of all disks
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Which of the following is NOT a step involved in the boot process? a. Run a POST to check that all devices are in place b. Run an error check of all disks c. Load the operating system into RAM d. The BIOS is activated by powering on the CPU
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Recycle Bin
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________ is a folder on the desktop where files deleted from the hard drive reside until permanently purged from your system.
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BIOS
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is a program that manages the exchange of data between the operating system and all the input and output devices attached to the system
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Preemptive multitasking
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__________ is when the operating system processes the task assigned a higher priority before processing a task with a lower priority.
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file name
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The _____________ is generally the name you assign a file when you save it.
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.rtf and .txt
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Which of these file extensions can be read by any program that can read text? a. .wpd and .rtf b. .doc and .docx c. .doc and .txt d. .rtf and .txt
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FALSE
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A menu-driven interface is one in which you enter commands to communicate with the computer system.
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FALSE
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The forward slash (/) used by Windows, the colon (:) by Mac, and the backslash () used by UNIX and Linux are called the path separators.
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FALSE
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A web-based operating environment requires that an application be installed on the user's computer before it can be accessed on the web.
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TRUE
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Disk Cleanup is a Windows utility that removes unnecessary files from your hard drive.
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TRUE
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Disk defragmenting programs group together related pieces of files on the hard drive, allowing the operating system to work more efficiently.
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TRUE
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A library gathers files from different locations and displays them as if they were all saved in a single folder.
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FALSE
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Mac uses the Mac OS X operating system, so if you want to use Windows, you must use a PC.
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FALSE
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Adding file extensions are necessary when saving a file in most applications under the Windows operating system.
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FALSE
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Windows 95 became the first commercially available operating system to incorporate a graphical user interface (GUI) with user-friendly point-and-click technology.
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TRUE
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When you use the Windows 8 File History utility, you can have Windows automatically create a duplicate of your libraries, desktop, contacts, and favorites and copy it to another storage device.
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FALSE
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An embedded system is also known as firmware.
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User interface
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The desktop, icons, and menus that let you communicate with your computer.
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Platform
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Combination of operating system and processor
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Paging
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Swapping files from RAM to the hard drive
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Kernel
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Responsible for managing the processor and all other components of the computer system
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File management
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Providing organizational structure to the computer's components
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System restore point
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A snapshot of your entire system's settings
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Library
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A collection that gathers files from different locations and displays them as if they were saved in a single folder
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backup
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A duplicate copy of data or other computer content for use in the event that the original version is destroyed.
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Android
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A Linux-based operating system designed for mobile phones and developed by the Open Handset Alliance, which is a group of companies led by Google.
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virtual memory
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A memory-management technique that uses hard drive space as additional RAM.
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device driver
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A program that enables an operating system to communicate with a specific hardware device.
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utility program
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A type of software that performs a specific task, usually related to managing or maintaining a computer system.
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multitasking
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The capability of an operating system to run more than one program at one time.
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kernel
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The essential portion, or core, of an operating system.
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OS
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The main component of system software that enables a computer to operate, manage its activities and the resources under its control, run application programs, and interface with the user.
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windows
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The primary personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation.
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spooling
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The process of placing items in a buffer so the appropriate device (such as a printer) can retrieve them when needed.
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T
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Windows 7 is an example of an operating system.
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F
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Most operating systems today use a command line interface
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T
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Mobile devices, such as portable digital media players and mobile phones, typically require an operating system.
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F
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Windows Explorer is an operating system designed for mobile phones
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F
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Window Phone 7 is a versatile operating system designed to be used on a variety of computer types, such as mainframes, servers, personal computers, and mobile phones.
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Linux
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____ is an operating system that is available for free over the Internet.
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file compression
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To decrease the size of a file, a(n) ____ utility program can be used.
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back up
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To guard against loosing your data if a computer problem occurs, you should ____ your data files on a regular basis.
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Home office computer
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Windows 7
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Mainframe computer
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UNIX
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Mobile phone
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HP webOS
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ATM machine
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Windows Embedded
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Zipped file
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3. File compression program
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Printer
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1. Spooling
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Swap file
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4. Virtual memory
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Folder
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2. File management program
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Would a new notebook computer typically have Windows XP, 7, Phone 7, or Server 2008 R2 installed as its operating system?
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...xp
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What type of utility program is designed to make duplicate copies of your hard drive content?
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...
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For the following path, identify the drive, the name of the file, and whether or not the document is stored inside a folder. C:DocumentsResume.docx
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Drive? Name of file? Is it stored inside a folder?
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1. What is the Boot Sequence?
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POST, BIOS, EPROM, and Boot Loaders
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HAL
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Hardware Abstraction Layer
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3 types of interface
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User - screen/keyboard. Hardware - usb cable. Software - application software.
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Namespace
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Set of identifieres
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Multiplexing
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creating multiple logical resources from a single physical resource
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Preemptive
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take the CPU away from a process
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Non-preemptive
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...
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Polling vs Interrupt Driven
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...
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DMA
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Direct Memory Access
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PIO
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Programmed I/O
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Host O/S
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...
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Guest O/S
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...
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Windows 8 Hyper-V
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...
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Mac OS
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Leopard, Lion, Mountain Lion, Mavericks, Yosemite Oct 2014
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Lossy
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Some data is lost during compression.
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Lossless
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No data is lost during compression
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Full Backup
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Backup that copies all data from a system.
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Incremental Backup
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Backup that copies only the changed data since the last backup.
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Differential Backup
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backs up the data that has changed since the last full backup on a computer or network
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Backup
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means making a duplicate copy of important files so that when a problem occurs, you can restore those files using the backup copy.
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msconfig
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to view programs that run each time the pc starts up
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Parallel Processing
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used by supercomputer and super-computing clusters
