Classroom Management Test 1 – Flashcards
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Withitness
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the teacher's ability to know everything that is happening in the classroom and awareness of the verbal and nonverbal interactions of students with the teacher and classmates
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Overlapping
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the teacher's ability to manage two issues simultaneously
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Positive reinforcement
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the presentation of a reinforcer desired by the student after he or she has exhibited desired behavior
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Negative reinforcement
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the removal or avoidance of an aversive stimulus following a desired behavior, which strengthens the likelihood that the desired behavior will be repeated the future
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Shaping
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the process of teaching new behaviors and new skills through the reinforcement of successive approximations of a terminal behavior
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Removal punishment
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the removal of a pleasant stimulus or the eligibility to receive a positive reinforcement as a consequence for inappropriate behavior
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Extinction
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the weakening or elimination of behavior by withdrawing reinforcement
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Behavior modification
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a systematic program developed to change the behavior of individual students
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Primary reinforcement
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reinforcers that satisfy the biological needs and drives of a student
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Assertive discipline
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a classroom management program developed by Lee
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Hostile teachers
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a teacher who responds to students in a manner that disregards the needs and feelings of students and in many cases violates students' rights
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Discipline hierarchy
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a listing of consequences for misbehavior that begins with a warning and increases in severity with each infraction of a class or school rule
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Grandmama's rule
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the concept that students must complete a required task before participating in a preferred activity
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Limit setting
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a technique from Fred Jones positive classroom discipline through which teachers systematically teach students to obey the classroom rules
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PAT- (Preferred Activity Time)
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activities students enjoy are earned by completing required work
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Proximity control
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the management of classroom behavior by moving throughout the classroom and being physically close to students
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Back-up system
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a systematic, hierarchic organization of negative sanctions for misbehavior
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Logical consequence
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a classroom management program developed by Rudolf Dreikurs that suggests that the consequences of behavior should be natural, or logically tied to behavior. Also, teacher-arranged consequences that are logically tied to the behavior
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Pros of assertive discipline
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• Simplicity • Treat all students alike; apply same standards, expectations, and consequences to each student • Addresses students behavior rather than character • Requires support from administration and parents • Has developed and changed over the years
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Cons of assertive discipline
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• May be counterproductive; all students know they can misbehave at least once so some might not even face consequences for their actions. • Some students find consequences for misbehavior rewarding • Doesn't teach students the "why" to be good; only to not get caught • Establishes an authoritative classroom where students have little to no rights. • Stops behavior for a while and may not translate into new areas or situations • Does not try to find the cause for the misbehavior; only treats the symptoms of it • Limited opportunity for teacher discretion. • Also see slide 9 in power points from blackboard
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Pros of Positive Classroom discipline
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• Grounded in behavioral research • Provides specific steps to follow when dealing with discipline problems=structure for the actions of teachers • Encourages teachers, administration, and parents to work together to combat discipline problems
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Cons of Positive Classroom discipline
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• Middle/High school students may become aggressive to the "in your face" approach • Student independence in not encouraged. Absolute teacher control. • The use of students to keep fellow classmates in line can create problems • Insistence that instruction should be stopped to handle problems may create more problems within the classroom.
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Pros of Logical Consequences
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• Promotes communication and respect between teacher and student • Promotes autonomy by allowing students to take responsibility for their actions
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Cons of Logical Consequences
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• First year teachers may have difficult time identifying and understanding students' motives for misbehaving • Kohn argues that student behavior sometimes isn't a choice. • Difficult to know how to respond even after motive is established • Can be hard to distinguish between punishment and logical consequence • Nelson argues that the concepts of logical consequences are misunderstood
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5 Questioning strats. for assertive discipline
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o Direct to whole class o use wait time o Don't allow students to shout out o Students check each other (thumbs up, signs, hands up) o Call on students randomly o Provide opportunities for all students to answer
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Preventive
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prevent bad behavior from happening
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Supportive
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encourages good behavior or discourages from continuing bad behavior
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Corrective
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correct the bad; apply consequences
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Attention seeking
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willing to accept punishment, pain, and humiliation in order to get attention. Asks questions for attention not for information. May become a nuisance, show-off, or class clown in order to gain the teachers attention.
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Revenge seeking
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these students think everyone is against them. Because of this, they provoke classmates and teachers to a point that their relationship is destroyed. They often threaten teachers and classmates because they believe the only way to find their place is to hurt others. These students will purposefully violate the things that the teacher values.
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Failure avoiding
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these students only expect failure and defeat and because of this, they give up easily. They will often withdraw and shrug off attempt by the teacher to help. They rarely distract or disrupt the classroom, and often daydream.
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Power seeking
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this student wants to be the boss and will contradict, lie, have a temper tantrum, or question the teacher's ability. (Layer Syndrome) Some power-seeking students may be more passive and sneaky, with their words representing one thing, and their actions representing another. These students are trying to control the adult rather than seek attention.
