Civics and Economics Unit 1 Study Guide – Flashcards
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civics
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the study of the rights and duties of citizens
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citizens
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a legally recognized person of a state or commonwealth; by birth or naturalization.
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rights of citizens
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privileges you get by being a citizen: protection by the government given freedoms choose the government
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responsibilities of citizens
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obligations one must fulfill as a citizen: work to better your community loyalty to your government follow the rules of the governemtn accet the governments authority
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government
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the ruling body for the community, makes and enforces laws (size varies greatly.)
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republic
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a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
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monarchy
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a form of government with a monarch at the head.
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democracy
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all citizens participate in making governement decisions
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levels of government
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Federal,State ,county, city
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purpose of government
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keep order and provide security make and enforce laws armed forces protect the people provide public services, create public policy create a budget
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public services
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parks, libraries and schools, streets, transportation, fire departments and police
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public policy
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guides the community to help achieve goals,
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budget
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how you allocate money and control spending
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of the people, by the people, for the people
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famous line from the Gettysburg Address, a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, during the American Civil War, 11/19/1863
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competitive elections
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An election is competitive when two or more candidates run for an office. If only one candidate's name is on the ballot, it cannot be called competitive and the election result is a foregone conclusion. This happens in countries that are criticized for not having free elections.
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majority rules
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Majority rule is a decision rule that selects alternatives which have a majority, that is, more than half the votes
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dual citizenship
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you are a citizen of 2 countries (parents can be 2 different nationalities- or you could be born in a country where your parents are not citizens)
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citizenship by birth
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born in the us 50 states; born in a us territory, born to american parents
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naturalization
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the process of becoming a citizen (not by birth)
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process of naturalization
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-1- declare intent (sign and file a statement saying you want to be a citizen) -2- live in the us for about 5 years (3 yrs if spouse is a citizen, or have american kids) -3- get a green card (for a legal alien) -4- take a class -5- file an application -6- live at same address for 3 months, be 18 yrs old -7- pass interview and exam -8- swear oath of allegiance at ceremony -9- sign document declaring you a citizen
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privileges of citizenship
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being a citizen this cannot be revoked except in special circumstances
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loss of citizenship
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only the federal government can revoke it. -1- denaturalization; -2- expatriation and -3- punishment for a crime
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Aliens
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more people want to come than will be naturalized.. they want better jobs and a better life.
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denaturalization
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only applies to naturalized citizens: if you cheat of lie in the naturalization process your citizenship can be revoked
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expatriation
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simplest, most common way your citizenship can be revoked: voluntarily become a citizen of another country
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punishment for a crime
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you can get your citizenship revoked if you commit an act of treason, rebellion, or attempt to overthrow the government
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refugees
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people who flee their home country to escape persecution
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immigration
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every person in america is related to an immigrant-even the native americans came over on the bering land bridge. we are a nation of immigrants
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diversity in america
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america today values diversity e plurbus unum -out of many one as americans, we have many things that link us together, like a common past
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who has top priority for naturalization?
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those with family members of citizens and those who have unique skill sets.
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melting pot/salad bowl
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the idea of the salad bowl is to throw all of the ingredients together and mix them around, but they are still in their individual pieces, it used to be a melting pot for everyone was melted into an american blob
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changes in american industry
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from mostly farming, to mostly factory to mostly service,
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values
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things that are important to you. american values include: freedom, justice, democracy, etc Values are stated in our founding documents
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illegal aliens
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most people who want a better life cannot get citizenship, so there are approximately 14 million illegal aliens. they come over the borders or use temporary travel visas. it is illegal to hire them, so they get paid less and have no insurance benefits. they risk getting deprted every day.
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legal aliens
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resident aliens: people from a foreign country who love here, non resident aliens: people who are staying for a shorter, specified time period and refugees
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sources of unity
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our values, our institutions and our past
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institutions
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are sets of ideas that people have about relationships, roles and functions: family, religion, education, society and government
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john locke
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widely known as the Father of Classical Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers (1632-1704)
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thomas hobbs
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English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
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direct democracy
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every single person votes on every single thing (mob rule)
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representative democracy
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basically a republic
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popular sovereignty
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a doctrine in political theory that government is created by and subject to the will of the people
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state of nature
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what locke and hobbs believed life would be like without government: a state of complete and total chaos
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social contract
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the thing that hobbes and locke disagreed on: locke felt that the people needed to give up some freedom and the government needed to give up some power
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democratic versus authoritative goverments
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democracy and replublics are better for the people, monarchies and oligarchies are better for the goverment
