CIS 120 Ch. 11
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______ systems are computer-based information systems that provide organizations with valuable information in a timely and effective manner to allow the functional areas of the enterprise to work together to achieve goals.
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Business
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A _____ processing system, or TPS, is a business information system used to support the process of making a purchase.
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transaction
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T/F Business systems are designed to collect, store, and disseminate information needed to make good business decisions in all types of jobs and all types of professions.
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True
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_____ refers to the art and science of creating computer systems that simulate human thought and behavior.
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Artificial intelligence (AI)
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T/F AI systems typically include the ability to learn from experience, referred to as "machine learning."
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True
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____ AI methodologies, such as expert systems, case-based reasoning, Bayesian networks, and behavior-based AI, rely on the programmer to instill the software with logical functionality to solve problems.
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Conventional
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T/F It is often the case that AI developers combine methods from different methodologies to achieve their goals.
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True
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Artificial intelligence methodologies consist of the various approaches to AI research. One of the categories is ____ intelligence.
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computational
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T/F Computational intelligence methodologies set up a system whereby the software can develop intelligence through a iterative process.
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True
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Case-based reasoning relies on what four Rs for solving new problems?
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Retrieve, Reuse, Revise, and Retain.
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T/F Case-based reasoning is an area of conventional AI in which the AI software maintains a library of problem cases and solutions.
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True
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T/F Behavior-based AI is a form of conventional AI that is popular in programming robots.
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True
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T/F A Bayesian network, sometimes called an interdependency network, is a form of conventional AI that uses a graphical model to represent a set of variables and their relationships and dependencies.
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False
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Conventional AI is also called all of the following except ____. (symbolic AI, logical AI, rational AI, or neat AI)
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rational AI
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Conventional AI uses programming that emphasizes ____ analysis to calculate the probability of various outcomes in order to find the best solution.
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statistical
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T/F A Bayesian network, sometimes called an interdependency network, is a form of conventional AI that uses a graphical model to represent a set of variables and their relationships and dependencies.
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False; belief network.
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Like human experts, computerized expert systems use heuristics, or ____, to arrive at conclusions or make suggestions.
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rules of thumb
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An expert system is a form of ____ AI that is programmed to function like a human expert in a particular field or area.
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conventional
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T/F Medical expert systems assist physicians in diagnosing patients and deciding on treatments.
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True
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T/F Computerized expert systems have been developed to detect possible terrorist threats.
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True
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T/F Expert systems are created without the assistance of a human expert.
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False
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____ intelligence is an offshoot of AI that employs methodologies such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary computation to set up a system whereby the software can develop intelligence through an iterative learning process.
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Computational
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T/F Computers typically work with numerical certainty; certain input values always result in different output.
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False
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T/F Logical computation includes areas of AI that derive intelligence by attempting many solutions and throwing away the ones that don't work.
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False
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A genetic algorithm is a form of ____ computation that is used to solve large, complex problems where a number of algorithms or models change and evolve until the best one emerges.
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fuzzy
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T/F A simple example of fuzzy logic might be one in which cumulative probabilities do not add up to 100%, a state that occurs frequently in medical diagnosis.
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True
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Similar to a child's learning, a neural net discovers its own rules.
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True
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Ultimately, the study of neural networks may reveal the essence of the human soul.
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True
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A specific feature of neural networks does not include the following:
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the ability to solve simple problems for which all of the information is not present.
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A neural network, or neural net, uses ____ to simulate the functioning of the neurons in a human brain.
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software
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Neuroscientists study and tinker with neural nets to better understand emergent behavior in the heart.
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False
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The ____ was devised by Alan Turing as a method of determining if a machine exhibits human intelligence.
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Turing Test
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The rationale behind the theory of the Singularity is tied to Newton's Law and other technological trends.
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False; Moore's Law
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The Blue Brain project is a bold attempt to simulate a human brain at a molecular level in software running on one of the world's fastest supercomputers, IBM's Blue Gene.
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True
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Those who subscribe to Ray Kurzweil's philosophy believe that the Singularity will usher in an era of deeper understanding and rapid advancement.
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True
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The Singularity, or more specifically, the ____ Singularity, is the point in time at which computers exceed humans in intelligence, launching a new era of innovation.
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technological
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In his book "The Singularity Is ____," Ray Kurzweil takes an optimistic view of the near future and the impending Singularity.
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Near
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Research and innovation in artificial intelligence includes software that anticipates the user's needs and robots that create and perform music.
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True
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AI applications are ways in which AI ____ are applied to solve problems and provide services.
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methodologies
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AI techniques can be integrated into systems and applications to make them more intuitive.
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True
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AI software can be connected to sensors and mechanical apparatus to create a variety of _____.
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robots
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The DARPA Grand Challenge is the ultimate robotic test.
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True
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Contemporary robotics combines both high-precision machine capabilities and sophisticated AI controlling software.
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True
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For many businesses, robots are used to do the three Ds: dull, dirty, and ____ jobs.
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dangerous
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Robotics involves developing mechanical or computer devices to perform tasks that ____.
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require a high degree of precision, are tedious for humans, and are hazardous for humans
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To analyze a photograph requires very simple AI techniques.
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False
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____ vision combines hardware and AI software that permit computers to capture, store, and interpret visual images and pictures.
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Computer
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Computers are used in pattern recognition such as face recognition in security systems.
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True
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Computer vision enables software to react to visual input.
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True
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Dr. William Dobelle designed a system that combines a small video camera mounted in ____, a powerful but small computer worn in a belt, and a brain implant that stimulates the visual cortex.
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sunglasses
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Dragon NaturallySpeaking is popular software that allows users to dictate text as they would naturally speak.
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True
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Natural language processing has become popular in collecting user input over phone systems; however its use has not become popular with cell phones.
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False
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Natural language processing uses ____ techniques to enable computers to generate and understand natural human languages, such as English.
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AI
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____ recognition enables a computer to understand and react to spoken statements and commands.
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Speech
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Speech recognition is the same as voice recognition.
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False
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Pattern recognition is an area of AI that develops systems that are trained to recognize patterns in _____.
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data
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Facial recognition uses cameras and AI software to identify individuals by unique facial characteristics.
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True
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_______ recognition uses AI techniques in software that can translate handwritten characters or words into computer-readable data.
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Handwriting
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Pattern recognition is used to find exceptions to trends in data for businesses in a process called data finding.
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False
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While other companies continue to pursue stylus input and handwriting recognition for tablet PCs, Microsoft is opting for a soft keyboard for text entry.
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False
