Chp 7 – Flashcard
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Bandura: Skinner:
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modeling shaping
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in order to teach an animal to perform a complex sequence of behaviors, animal trainers are most likely to use a procedure known as...
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shaping
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Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by...
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biological predispositions
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children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents, this best illustrates the importance of...
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observational learning
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What is true of positive and negative reinforces?
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PR increases rate of operant conditioning and NR increase rate of operant conditioning
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extinction occurs when a ____ is no longer paired with a ___
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CS and US
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negative reinforcers ________ the rate of operant conditioning, punishments _________ the rate of operant responding
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increase and decrease
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after pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone, he repeatedly sounded the tone without presenting the food. As a result, ________ occurred
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extinction
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which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during the extinction....
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spontaneous recovery
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BF Skinner's work elaborated what EL Thorndike called......
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law of effect
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the conditioned stimulus should be presented shortly after the .......
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unconditioned stimulus
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5 year old trevor is emotionally disturbed and refuses to communicate with anyone. To get him ti speak, the teacher initially gives him candy for any utterance, then only for a full word, then only for a complete sentence. This method is called.....
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shaping
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revoking the driver's license of reckless driver is intended to serve as a.....
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negative punishment
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in order to quickly teach a dog to roll over on command, you would be best advised to use....
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immediate reinforcers rather than delayed reinforcers
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a trainer wants to train a chicken to peck a key to obtain food. If she wants the chicken to learn this quickly and the behavior to be resistant to extinction, she should use ___________ reinforcement until the response is mastered and then follow with a period of ________ reinforcement
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continuous and partial
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money is to food as _________ ___________ is to ___________ _____________
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secondary reinforcer is to primary reinforcer
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it is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food, this best illustrates the importance of ____________ _____________ in learning
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biological predisposition
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after learning to fear a white rat, little albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit. This best illustrates the importance of.....
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generalization
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rhesus macaque monkeys are more likely to reconcile after a fight if they grow up with forgiving older stumptail macaque monkeys. This best illustrates the impact of........
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observational learning
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pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrates.....
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classical conditioning
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according to Piaget the ability to think logically about abstract propositions is indicative of the....
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stage of formal operations
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last year Dr. Moritano cleared Natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots. Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?
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classical conditioning
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receiving delicious food is to escaping electric shock as
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positive reinforcer is to negative reinforcer
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prosocial behavior, of skinner emphasized
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the beneficial consequences of prosocial behavior
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to assess whether Mrs. Webster had alzheimber's disease, researchers conditioned her to blink in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directer toward her face. In this application of classical conditioning, the sound was a...
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CS
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a skinner box is a
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chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain food
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any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens that response is called
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negative reinforcers
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the transmission of cultural fads and fashions best illustrates the impact of....
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observational learning
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spontaneous recovery refers to the
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reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
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an experimenter plans to condition a dog to salivate to a light by pairing the light with the food. The dog will learn to salivate to the light most quickly if the experiment presents the light...
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a half second before the food
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children often learn to associate pushing a vending machine button with the deliver of a candy bar. This illustrates he process underlying...
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operant conditioning
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dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of thigh also salivate when stimulates on other body parts. This illustrates:
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generalization
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which of the following is an unconditioned response...
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sweating in hot weather
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if rats are allowed to wander around a complicated maze, they will subsequently run the maze with few errors when a food reward is placed at the end. Their good performance demonstrates...
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latent learning
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a learned association between a response and a stimulus is to ________ _________ as a learned association between 2 stimuli is to _________ __________
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operant conditioning and classical conditioning
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intro of unpleasant stimulus is to __________ as withdrawal of unpleasant stimulus is to _____________
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punishment and reinforcement
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in classical conditioning the __ signals the impending occurrence of the __
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CS and US
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the ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and a similar stimuli that do not signal a unconditioned stimulus is called __________
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discrimination
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studies of latent learning highlight the importance of
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cognitive processes
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after receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform 3-year old Vaclay (it got cut off) ....
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generalization
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laurie's thumbsucking has become habitual because she begins to feel less anxious whenever she sucks her thumb....
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operant conditioning
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children fear spiders and not flowers because of
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biological predispositions
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children learn to fear spiders more easily than they learn to fear flowers. This best illustrates the impact of
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biological predispositions
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a dog's salivation at the sigh of a food dish is a
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conditioned response
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BF Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's...
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personal freedom
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an animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball. Initially, he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball, then only for placing his paws on a ball, and finally only for climbing on the ball. This method is.....
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successive approximations
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using rewards to bribe people to engage in an activity they already enjoy is most likely to inhibit....
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intrinsic motivation
