question

Which of the following did not play a crucial role in making Britain the site of the first Industrial Revolution?

answer

Over ninety-five percent of the population was literate.

question

The ability to make yarn at a much faster pace

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became necessary after the development of the flying shuttle.

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The steam engine was developed by

answer

James Watt.

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Steam power

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was originally used to pump water from mines.

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By the middle of the nineteenth century, Henry Cort's system of puddling had resulted in

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Britain becoming by far the world's leading iron producer.

question

The first steam-powered locomotive was pioneered by

answer

Richard Trevithick.

question

The speeds attained by the first steam locomotive in 1804 and those in use by 1850 were, respectively,

answer

five and fifty miles per hour.

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Which was not part of the new 'industrial work discipline' of early 19th-century factories?

answer

Fines after rule offenses for children

question

Continental European industrialization

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began in Belgium, France, and the German states.

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Government financial aid to industries

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was a basic element of industrialization on the continent.

question

Between 1815 and 1850, which of the following was not one of the three major centers in which the Industrial Revolution developed on the European Continent?

answer

Russia

question

Industrial development in the United States before 1870

answer

included an efficient transportation network.

question

Which of the following statements describes early textile mills in England and Japan best?

answer

Women furnished the labor and were supervised by men.

question

Which of the follow best describes U.S. conditions in 1800?

answer

5 mill people / no cities over 100,000

question

A country which was forced to reduce its industrial production by a more powerful competitor was

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India

question

It can be said that, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, by 1847

answer

some people rose in social status, while many others worked in appalling conditions.

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What did the dramatic increase in the size and number of European cities in the first half of the 19th century result in?

answer

Increase in the industrial middle class

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Japanese industrialists of the late 19th century

answer

taught that egoism will disturb the social order.

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Most historians agree that which of the following were the real gainers in the early Industrial Revolution?

answer

The bourgeoisie who made increased profits.

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The widespread substitution of steel for iron

answer

happened after 1860 and prior to World War I.

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Which European country had not industrialized by 1900?

answer

Spain

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What prompted women to enter the workforce in large numbers?

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The second Industrial Revolution

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By aiming at establishing legitimacy and a traditional balance of power in European political affairs, Metternich and his associates at the Congress of Vienna were advocates of the ideology known as

answer

conservatism.

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Population in Europe during the nineteenth century

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was notable for rapid overall growth and a far more rapid increase in city populations.

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The basic purpose of the Concert of Europe was to

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maintain conservative political control over Europe.

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The new, industrial middle class was

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composed of increasingly wealthy individuals who wanted political status and power.

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The new working class

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often worked twelve to sixteen hours a day, six days a week.

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Britain's Factory Act of 1833

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reduced the number of children working in factories.

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Nineteenth century liberals advocated

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voting rights only for male citizens who met certain property requirements.

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All of the following are correct about nineteenth century Liberalism except

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opposing limiting governmental power.

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The key figure of Russian industrialization was

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Sergei Witte.

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Nationalism

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was a potential threat to the existing political order.

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Karl Marx believed that all of human history was the story of

answer

the class struggle.

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Marxist revisionists believe that

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workers should organize mass political parties.

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According to the philosophy of Marx and Engels, the clash between the ____ and the ____ would ultimately bring about a classless society.

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Proletariat / burgeoisie

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The Congress of Vienna in 1815

answer

agreed to meet periodically to take steps to maintain Europe's peace and stability.

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The principle that guided the victors at the Congress of Vienna was the principle of

answer

legitimacy.

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A call for national unification was part of the revolutionary movements of 1848 in

answer

Germany

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German unification

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was finally achieved by militaristic Prussian politicians.

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Which of the following statements is not true about the revolutions of 1848 in Europe?

answer

The overthrow of the tsar in Moscow initiated the series of upheavals.

question

The most multinational state in Europe in the nineteenth century, and thus the one most threatened by the new ideology of nationalism, was

answer

Austria.

question

The new Italian kingdom established in 1861

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was, to a significant degree, the result of the diplomatic and political work of Cavour and the military actions of Garibaldi.

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The "Eastern Question" in the nineteenth century concerned the fate of

answer

the Ottoman Empire.

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Which of the following European countries avoided revolutionary upheaval in 1848?

answer

England

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The Crimean War

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isolated the Austrians from the rest of the great powers of Europe.

question

The policies of Otto von Bismarck before 1871

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ignored domestic opposition and concentrated on foreign affairs.

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Which of the following was not a result of the brief 1866 war between Austria and Prussia?

answer

A Russian and Austrian defensive alliance defeated the French and British in the Balkans.

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Which of the following was not a result of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870?

answer

Louis Napoleon made himself Emperor of the Third Republic.

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By 1871, all of the following are correct about Great Britain except

answer

both political parties supported legislation to expand the right to vote.

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Revolution and chaos were avoided in Britain during the nineteenth century by all except the

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creation of a secret and effective secret political police unit, the "Peelers."

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The Second Empire in France

answer

was brought down by the disastrous 1870 war with Prussia.

question

The emancipation of the Russian serfs

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required that the former serfs pay for their freedom in installments.

question

All of the following are correct about Russia in the nineteenth and early twentieth century except

answer

Alexander III and Nicholas II continued Alexander II's reforms.

question

Which of the following would be considered the founder of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century diplomatic alliances:

answer

Otto von Bismarck.

question

In the early twentieth century, flashpoint for major violence was the

answer

Balkans.

question

The territory annexed by Austria in 1908, which enraged Serbia, was

answer

Bosnia and Herzegovina.

question

great britain depended almost entirely upon foreign investment to support its Industrial Revolution at the beginning

answer

false

question

Children in early 19th-century factories were often beaten for committed offenses, instead of fined or dismissed.

answer

true

question

In both England and Japan women worked in early textile factories where they were supervised by fellow women.

answer

false

question

Most historians agree that industrialization narrowed disparities in wealth.

answer

false

question

Children were discouraged from working in cotton mills because their smaller size did not allow them to move among the machines and they were too difficult to train to do complex factory work.

answer

false

question

The Second Industrial Revolution opened the door to new jobs for women, particularly in service or white-collar jobs.

answer

true

question

Because of the wealth created by the Industrial Revolution, the sanitary conditions in factory towns were safer and cleaner than in the older, pre-industrial cities.

answer

false

question

The most violent revolutionary upheaval in 1848 in Europe was in England.

answer

false

question

Piedmont's prime minister, Count Cavour, stated that Italy would be unified, "Not by speeches and majorities...but by blood and iron."

answer

false

question

The emergence of Britain's Labour Party forced the Liberals to offer social welfare programs, a reverse of nineteenth century liberal laissez-faire.

answer

true

Chp. 19 study guide multiple choice/true false – Flashcards

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