Chinese Medicine Timeline – Flashcards
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Shang Dynasty
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1700-1100BC oracle bones Ancestor Worship
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Zhou Dynasty 1100-771 BC
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-Rites of Zhou: organized medical system; record seasonal epidemics, treatment drugs -Demons
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Zhou Dynasty
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-yin/yang, 5 elements -Huang de Nei Jing (SuWen + LingShu)
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Spring and Autumn period
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770-476 BC
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Warring States period
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475-221 BC
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Bian Que Warring States 475-221 BC
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-excellent diagnostician c Pulse, Ac -wrote book: first recorded use of Ac
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Qin Dynasty 221-207 BC
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Qin Emperor united all of China, standarized written Chinese, measurements, laws -burned books/scolars
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Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon of Medicine= Huang Di Nei Jing 206 BC- 9 AD
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-basic TCM anatomy -yin/yang, 5 element theory -basic pathology and priniciples on treating disease, esp Ac
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Wu Shi Er Bing Fang The 52 prescriptions Qin/Han Dynasty 221BC-220 AC
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earliest written Ch pharmacology
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Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing = Shen Nong's classic of Herbal medicine Qin/Han Dynasty
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221BC-220 AC earliest Ch pharmacopoeia, 36 medicines
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Shang 1700-1100 BC Zhou 1100-771BC Summer/Autumn/Warring states 770-221 Qin 221-207 BC Han 206 BC- 220 AD Chinese Middle Ages 220-581 AD Sui 581-617 AD Tang 618-907 AD Song 960-1279 AD Yuan 1279-1368 AD Ming 1358-1644 AD Qing 1644-1911 AD
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Dynasties in order
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Cang Gong ca 200BC Qin 221-207 BC
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first to keep clinical records, case histories
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*Zhang Zhong Jing 150-219 AD Han 206 BC- 220 AD
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Wrote Shang Han Lun and Jing Gui Yao Lue
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*Hua Tuo 110-207 AD Han 206 BC- 220 AD
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first surgeon, anesthesia no books Qi Gong: frolic 5 animals
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*Wang Shu He 180-270 AD Chinese Middle Ages 220-581 AD
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-recovered/restored Shang Han Lun -wrote Mai Ching: transmitted to Arabia in 11th century and India in 13th century -expert in food therapy
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Huang Fu Mi 214-282 D Chinese Middle Ages 220-581 AD
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Wrote Systematic Classic of Acu-Moxa Therapy; first in this subject: meridians, Ac points, needle manipulation, contraindications; 349 points c discussion on therapeutic properties of each. -heavy influence on Japanese Ac
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Ge Hong 281-341 Chinese Middle Ages 220-581 AD
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most famous alchemist of China; believed in transforming man from mortal to immortal; careful observer and described smallpox and TB; ZhouHou JiuZuFang = "Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies" had formulas for treating serious medical situations; admired by Sun SiMiao.
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Liu Quan Zi Chinese Middle Ages 220-581 AD
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"Liu's Remedies bequeathed by a important people/authors" was earliest known treatise on Chinese surgery
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Tao Hong Jing 452-536 Chinese Middle Ages 220-581 AD
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-Taoist practitioner -recovered and rearranged first formal herbal Shen Nong Bencao Jing from ca100AD, and added another 365herbs, doubling the # herbs -discussed nature and flavor of medicinals
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Chao Yuan Fang 550-630 AD Sui and Tang Dynasties 581-907 AD
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"Treatise on causes and symptoms of diseases" earliest record in china that categorizes the causes, sx and pathology of 1739 kinds of diseases in systematic manner, in 50 volumes -introduced to Japan, Korea, also Arabs
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*Sun SiMiao 581-682 AD Sui and Tang Dynasties 581-907 AD
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-Taoist practitioner -child prodigy, mastered classics by age 20; wrote QianJin YaoFang = "Prescriptions worth a thousand gold and precious formulas for emergency" and QianJin YiFang ="Supplement to the Precious Prescriptions"; had 30volumes, 5300 prescriptions; dealt with Ac, moxa, diet therapy and dz prevention, health preservation; also developed nutritional medicine: seaweed for goiter, liver for night blindness; also Taoist alchemist, and demonologist
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Jian Zhen 683-763 Tang Dynasty 618-907 AD
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Buddist monk, brought TCM to Japan
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Wang Tao 702-772 Tang Dynasty 618-907 AD
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famous book "Medical secrets of an official" in 752; comprehensive description of medical problems c 1000 categories and over 6000 herbal formulas
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Zan Yin 847-859 book Tang Dynasty 618-907 AD
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"Tested Treasure in Obstetrics" first Chinese work on gyn/ob
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Song Dynasty 960-1279 AD
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pivot point in Chinese philosophy: Neo-confucianism = mix of confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism. -CM saw increased specialization and intense efforts to verify universal validity of med of systematic correspondences for herbal therapy
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Qian Yi 1032-1113 Song Dynasty 960-1279 AD
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Famous book "Key to therapeutics of children's diseases" which had Liu Wei Di Huang formula which became the most widely used yin-nourishing prescription for elderly
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*Liu Wan Su 1120-1200 Song Dynasty 960-1279 AD
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-Daoist -Cooling School of CM, promoted idea of cooling herbs to treat fever/inflammation; this influenced later development of Wen Bing or epidemic febrile diseases Unshuld: regarded theory of 5 phases and 6 climatic influences as the basis for all healing.
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*Zhang Zi He 1156-1228 Song Dynasty 960-1279 AD
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-Confucian -Developer of the "attacking school" of CM = Heroic School, use of diaphoretics, emetics, purgatives to attack pathogen and drive out of body; this was actually revival of early Han Dynasty methods used to drive out Demons
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Wang Wei Yi -1206
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court physician made first bronze Ac model
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*Li Gao = Li Dong Yuan 1180-1252 Song Dynasty 960-1279 AD
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-Founder SP and ST Tonification school -best known for thesis that most diseases due to injury to ST/SP, as result of poor eating/drinking, overwork and 7 emotions. Book Pi Wei Lun "Treatise on the ST and SP" had one of most famous formulas BuZhong Yi Qi Tang.
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*Zhu Dan Xi 1189-1249 AD Song Dynasty 960-1279 AD
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-founded school of Yang often in excess and Yin often deficient -recommended control libido for prevention/treatment dz
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Ming Dynasty 1358-1644
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-absolutism and unprecedented concentration of institutional power -completion of Neo-Confucianism -CM based on 4 schools
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*Li Shi Zhen 1528-1593 Ming Dynasty 1358-1644 AD
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China's greatest naturalist, 40 yr project going thru herbal lore; was a pharmacopoeia and also treatise on botany, zoology, minerology and metallurgy; 5 of original editions exist. -translated into japanese 1783, english 1736
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Wang Ken Tang 1549-1613 Ming Dynasty 1358-1644 AD
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court official became physician; collected info on medicine and wrote "Standards of Diagnosis and treatment of six branches of medicine", published 1602 which became most widely used medical book of 17th century -exchanges with western scholars
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*Wu YuHsing=Wang YouXing 1582-1652 Ming Dynasty 1358-1644 AD
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developed concept that some diseases are caused by transmissible agents called liqi=pestilential factors; book "Wen yi Lun = Treatise on acute epidemic febrile diseases"
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Zhang Jing Yue 1583-1640 Ming Dynasty 1358-1644 AD
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-founder of Warm Tonification School of CM -prolific writer: books on pulse dx, gynecology, pediatrics, surgery, and also analysis of Huang De Nei Jing called "Lei Jing" made him famous
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Qing Dynasty 1644-1911
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Manchurians took over China -intellectual repression: more effort on researching ancient texts; rejection of post-Song innovations -later in period, heavy influx of Protestant missionaries who opened hospitals
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*Ye Tian Shi 1690-1760 Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 AD
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famous for thesis on febrile diseases; postulated transmission thru 4 stages: wei, qi, ying and blood; wrote Wen Bing Tiao Bian = Detailed analysis of febrile diseases in 1798.
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*Wu Ju Tong 1758-1836
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Triple Burner system from Yu Chang -enter upper burner first
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Wang Qing Ren 1768-1831 Qing Dynasty 1644-1911 AD
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1) promoted accurate anatomy to dx/rx disease; dissection and surgery had been ignored since time of Hua Tuo. 2) promoted idea that many diseases due to blood stasis and by activating blood circulation and clearing away static blood, one could resolve even serious diseases; had blood vitalizing formulas still in use today
