Child development test 3 – Flashcards
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the average baby weighs __ at birth
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7 pounds
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at birth, the average length is
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20 inches
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at the first birthday, you should expect that an infant's birthweight has
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tripled
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the ___ principle is the principle that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head an upper body parts and then proceeds down
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cephalocaudal
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the __ principle is the principle that development proceeds from center of the body outward
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proximodiastal
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the most basic level of the nervous system is the individual calls, known as
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neurons
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neurons send messages to other neurons by crossing a small gap known as
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synapse
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the degrees to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience is called
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plasticity
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the specific but limited time early in an organism's life is known as
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sensitive period
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as we age, the total amount of time we sleep __ and the proportion of REM sleep ___
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decreases; decreases
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a stage of sleep associated with dreaming
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REM sleep
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___ is a disorder in which seemingly healthy infants die in their sleep
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sudden infant death syndrome
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repetitive, cyclical patterns of behavior are known as
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rhythms
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on average, newborn infants sleep app. ___ hours
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16
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unlearned, organized, involuntary responses that occur automatically is known as
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reflexes
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an example of gross motor skill is
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crawling
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an example of fine motor skills
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drawing
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the condition of having an improper amount or balance of nutrients is called
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malnutrition
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at about 14 weeks, children are able to combine the images coming to each eye to see depth and motion is known as
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binocular vision
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to test the presence of depth perception of infants, experimenters use a
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visual cliff
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__ are organized patterns of functioning that adapt and change with mental development
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schemes
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in Piaget's theory, the __ is an activity that permits the constructions of cognitive schemes through repetition
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circular reaction
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the __ stage is the initial major stage of cognitive development
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sensorimotor
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behavior in which several schemes are combined and coordinated to generate a single act to solve a problem is known as
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goal-directed behavior
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___ is the realization that people and objects exist even when they cannot be seen
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object permanence
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__ is an act in which children imitate a person who is no longer present
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deferred imitation
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seeks to identify the way that individuals take in, use and sort information is the __ approach
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information-processing
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lack of memory for experiences that occurred prior to 3 years of age is known as
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infantile amnesia
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traditional measures of infant intelligence
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can help identify developmental delays or advances
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the basic sounds of language that are combined to produce words are
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phonemes
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the idea that language is a consequence of both environmental and innate factors is known as the __ of language development
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learning theory
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the theory that a genetically determined innate mechanism directs language development is known as
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nativist approach
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speech that leaves out words that are not critical to the message is known as
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telegraphic speech
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making speech-like but meaningless sound is
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babbling
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emotions found in newborns do not include
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anger
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clinging to her mother at age 7 months is known as
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stranger anxiety
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using your surroundings to understanding a surprise encounter is known as
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social referencing
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"rouge on the nose" used to determine what age children have senesce of their physical appearance, or
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self-awareness
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the knowledge of how others think and can influence is known as
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theory of mind
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one of the most important connections can make between them and an individual is known as
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attachement
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Harry Harlow discovered that the monkeys spent most their time __
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cuddling with the terry cloth mother
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temperament is replicated in several dimensions of behavior, expect
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development of language
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through the lens of the sense of being male or female is known as
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gender
