Chemistry Test #1 – Flashcards

a) laws are statements of relationships that seem to always be the same

b) theories are proven explanations of experiemental observations

c) hypothesis are tentative explanations of experimental observations

d) Laws summarize facts of nature and rarely change

e) theories are unified principles that explain a body of facts

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A pure substance that is composed of two or more different elements

odor, taste, color, appearance, melting point, boiling point, and density

Corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, toxicity, and other characteristics.

Is a substance comppsed of two or more components in proportions that can vary from one sample to another

ex. sugar water.

A substance composed of two or more elements

K - 273 = C

C + 273 = K

A process in which the mixture is heated to boil off the easily vaporized liquids

The mixtured is poured through a funnel

One that is independent of the amount of the substance. Ex. Density

One that depends on the amount of the substance

ex. Mass

Particles in a liquid are close together, but they are not confined to specific positions.

A Homogenous Mixture of two substances

Accurancy is an indicator of how close a measurement is to the correct value

Precision is an indicator of how close two or more measurements are to each other.

1) Matter is composed of Atoms

2) Atoms are Indivisible and Indestructible

3) All atoms of a given element are identical

Both 2 and 3 Were proven wrong

Determined the charge of an electron

Neutron, Proton, Electron

Determined the charge to mass ratio of an electron by deflecting cathode rays with magnetic and electric fields with cathode ray tube. He also created the plum pudding model. Suggested positive charge was inside and electrons were outside

high energy radiation

First evidence for the disintegration of nuclei was obtained

Are identical to electrons

are 7000 times more massive than electrons

Atoms are composed of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons

1/12 the mass of one carbon- 12 atoms

The method used to determine the exact masses of Isotopes and their relative abundance

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Nitrogen

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Oxygen and silicon

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Was the first person to isolate the element polonium, which she named after he native country

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Same state of matter. Pure carbon can exisit as a diamond, graphite, and buckerministerfullerene

first arranged the periodic table by placing the elements in increasing mass.

Sulfur

Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, and Nitrogen

Radio, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible Light, Ultraviolet Light, X-Ray, Gamma Rays

Gamma Rays, X rays, Ultraviolet, Visible Light, Infrared, Microwaves, Radiowaves.

The energy of the ejected electrons decreases

Was the first experiment to show that electrons can have wave properties

Can be solved to find the probability of finding an electron in a region of space

Oribital Size

Orbital Shape

Orbital Orientation

It is impossible to simultaneously measure the exact position and momentum of an electron

A region of an electron probability density graph where the probability of finding an electron is zero

ground state

magnetic quantum number

ml

A massless particle of radiation

amplitude

The sign of the amplitude of the wave, can be positive or negative

A substance that contains unpaired electrons is attracted to a magnetic field

Substances that retain their magnetism after they are withdrawn from a magnetic field

no two electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers

The state of an atom or ion that contains only paired electrons and is therefore slightly repelled by an external magnetic field.

Ex. Ba

The most stable arrangement of electrons (for ground state configuration) is when there are the maximum number of unpaired electrons, all with the same spin.

How much energy it takes to remove an electron

How much this element is attracted to an electron. How much does it really want to gain an electron.

IT IS MEASURING ELECTRONEGATIVITY

n is greater than 1

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Only works for hydrogen

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Interaction between waves

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unpaired electrons

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paired electrons

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1g=1*10^3kg

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1g= 1*10^2 cg

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1g= 1*10^3mg

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1g= 1*10^6

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1g=1*10^9

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1g=1*10^12

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the amount of energy that is required to gain an electron

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Half the distance between two metal atoms in a pure crystal of the metal