Chemistry Final Review – Flashcards
115 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 115question
| Volume |
answer
| a measure of the space occupied by an object |
Unlock the answer
question
| Extensive Properties |
answer
| amount of matter |
Unlock the answer
question
| Intensive Properties |
answer
| type of matter |
Unlock the answer
question
| Solid |
answer
| vibrates in place, still, close together, can't be compressed, definite shape and volume |
Unlock the answer
question
| Liquid |
answer
| particles moving past each other, no set place, in motion, no definite shape, definite volume |
Unlock the answer
question
| Gas |
answer
| a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container, move wildly, bounce of one another, very separated |
Unlock the answer
question
| Heterogeneous |
answer
| composition different, not alike throughout |
Unlock the answer
question
| Homogeneous |
answer
| composition same, alike throughout |
Unlock the answer
question
| Separation of Magnetism |
answer
| separations of different elements with magnets, physical change |
Unlock the answer
question
| Separation of Solubility |
answer
| dissolving ability to separate elements, physical change |
Unlock the answer
question
| Separation of Phase Change |
answer
| changing one element's phase, change from solid to liquid or liquid to gas of one element only, physical change |
Unlock the answer
question
| Rusting |
answer
| Rusting one element in order to separate |
Unlock the answer
question
| Burning |
answer
| Burning one element in order to separate |
Unlock the answer
question
| Rotting |
answer
| Rotting of one element in order to separate |
Unlock the answer
question
| How many Significant Figures: 104,000 |
answer
| three, zero's act as place holders |
Unlock the answer
question
| How many Significant Figures: 104,000. |
answer
| six, all significant before decimal point |
Unlock the answer
question
| How many Significant Figures: 104,000.0090 |
answer
| ten, after decimal all numbers significant |
Unlock the answer
question
| How many Significant Figures: 0.00090 |
answer
| 2, must be a number before decimal point in order for zero's to be significant |
Unlock the answer
question
| How many Significant Figures: 0.0009010 |
answer
| four, all zero's before nin are not significant |
Unlock the answer
question
| SI Unit Kg |
answer
| Kilograms, mass |
Unlock the answer
question
| SI Unit sec |
answer
| Seconds, time |
Unlock the answer
question
| SI Unit m |
answer
| Meter, distance |
Unlock the answer
question
| SI Unit N |
answer
| Newtons, force |
Unlock the answer
question
| SI Units J |
answer
| Joules, energy |
Unlock the answer
question
| SI Cal |
answer
| Calorie, energy, Cal = 1 food cal |
Unlock the answer
question
| SI cal |
answer
| Calorie, energy, 1000 cal = 1 Cal |
Unlock the answer
question
| SI Unit Pa, Kpa, ATM, mmHg |
answer
| Pascal, Kilopascal, Atmosphere, units of Pressure |
Unlock the answer
question
| Kilo |
answer
| 1000 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Milli |
answer
| + 1,000,000 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Micro |
answer
| - 1,000,000 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Centi |
answer
| - 100 |
Unlock the answer
question
| 1000 m = |
answer
| 1m3 |
Unlock the answer
question
| 1000 mL = |
answer
| 1 L |
Unlock the answer
question
| Distillation |
answer
| separates mixutures with boiling, different elements boil at different temperatures, one boils the other does not, separates |
Unlock the answer
question
| (O2 + 2H2 = ...) Mixture + Electrical Spark = |
answer
| (2H20) Compound |
Unlock the answer
question
| Law of Conservation of Matter |
answer
| matter can't be created/destroyed, change one form to another, Lavoisier |
Unlock the answer
question
| Democritus |
answer
| Atmos, believed atoms were indivisible and indestructible |
Unlock the answer
question
| Dalton's Atomic Theory |
answer
| 1. all elements composed of atoms 2. atoms the atoms of same element are identical 3. atoms of different elements can physically mix together or combine into compounds 4. chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated joined or rearranged |
Unlock the answer
question
| Scientific Notation: 0.00059 |
answer
| 5.9 x 10^-4, move decimal to the right, negative exponent |
Unlock the answer
question
| Scientific Notation: 59000.0 |
answer
| 5.9 x 10^4, move decimal point to the left, positive exponent |
Unlock the answer
question
| D = m/v |
answer
| Density = mass/volume |
Unlock the answer
question
| D = m/v + change in heat = |
answer
| d = m/V (volume bigger, density smaller) |
Unlock the answer
question
| JJ Thompson |
answer
| Cathode Ray Tube, discovered electrons, atom with only electrons scattered, 1/1840 of an amu |
Unlock the answer
question
| Proton (H+) |
answer
| mass of 1 amu |
Unlock the answer
question
| Neutron (n) |
answer
| mass of 1 AMU |
Unlock the answer
question
| Rutherford |
answer
| Gold Foil Experiment, discovered the nucleus |
Unlock the answer
question
| Mass # |
answer
| # protons (H+) + # neutrons (n) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Isotopes |
answer
| Atoms of same elements with different mass |
Unlock the answer
question
| SI Unit of Temp |
answer
| K = C + 273 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Aufbau |
answer
| lowest energy level to highest |
Unlock the answer
question
| Pauli Exclusion Principle |
answer
| no more than 2 per orbital, opposite signs |
Unlock the answer
question
| Hund's Rule |
answer
| electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the # of electrons w/ the same spin direction as large as possible |
Unlock the answer
question
| Bohr proposed... |
answer
| an electron is found only in specific circular paths, or orbits, around the nucleus |
Unlock the answer
question
| Quantum |
answer
| the amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another |
Unlock the answer
question
| In the Bohr Model, the higher the energy levels... |
answer
| the closer they are together |
Unlock the answer
question
| C = ?V |
answer
| Speed = Wavelength x Frequency |
Unlock the answer
question
| High frequency = |
answer
| small wavelength |
Unlock the answer
question
| Low frequency = |
answer
| long wavelength |
Unlock the answer
question
| Metals |
answer
| shiny, solid, malleable & ductile, dense, conduct heat and electricity |
Unlock the answer
question
| Non Metals |
answer
| dull, poor conductors, brittle |
Unlock the answer
question
| Covalent Bonds |
answer
| bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
Unlock the answer
question
| Covalent Bonds need ... |
answer
| Octets (8) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Ionic Bond |
answer
| Non Metal + Metal |
Unlock the answer
question
| Metallic Bond |
answer
| Metal + Metal |
Unlock the answer
question
| Covalent Bond |
answer
| Nonmetal + Nonmetal |
Unlock the answer
question
| Electronegativity |
answer
| the ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound |
Unlock the answer
question
| Electronegativity Chart |
answer
| Covalent = 0 - 0.4 Mod Polar = 0.4 - 1.0 Very Polar = 1.0 - 2.0 Polar = + 2.0 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Linear |
answer
| O = C = O CO2 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Triangular Planar |
answer
| BH3 H | B / H H |
Unlock the answer
question
| Pyramidal |
answer
| NH3 H-N-H | H |
Unlock the answer
question
| Bent |
answer
| H2O O / H H |
Unlock the answer
question
| Tetrahedron |
answer
| CH4 H | H-C-H | H |
Unlock the answer
question
| Diatomic Gases |
answer
| H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Hydrogen Bonds |
answer
| attractive forces in which a hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair of another electronegative atom |
Unlock the answer
question
| Van der Waals Forces |
answer
| 2 weakest attractions between molecules, consist of dipole interactions and dispersion forces |
Unlock the answer
question
| Dipole interactions |
answer
| occur when polar molecules are attracted to one another |
Unlock the answer
question
| Dispersion Forces |
answer
| the weakest of all molecular interactions, caused by the motion of electrons |
Unlock the answer
question
| -IDE |
answer
| Less Oxygen, (P) |
Unlock the answer
question
| -ITE |
answer
| Moderate Oxygen (PO3) |
Unlock the answer
question
| -ATE |
answer
| Most Oxygen (PO4) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Monotomic Ion |
answer
| A monatomic ion is simply an ion consisting of one element like: Na+ or Au+3, or Zn+2, or Al+3 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Polyatomic Ion |
answer
| A polyatomic ion is something consisting of more than one element like: SO4-2, or NO3-, or NH4+, or NCS- |
Unlock the answer
question
| Ca^+3 PO4^-3 |
answer
| Ca3 (PO4)2 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Cation |
answer
| any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge |
Unlock the answer
question
| Anions |
answer
| any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge |
Unlock the answer
question
| Product |
answer
| a substance produced in a chemical reaction |
Unlock the answer
question
| s |
answer
| solid |
Unlock the answer
question
| l |
answer
| liquid |
Unlock the answer
question
| g |
answer
| grams |
Unlock the answer
question
| aq |
answer
| aqueous |
Unlock the answer
question
| yield |
answer
| result |
Unlock the answer
question
| catalyst |
answer
| a substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation-energy barrier |
Unlock the answer
question
| Reactant |
answer
| a substance present at the start of a reaction |
Unlock the answer
question
| Excess Reagent |
answer
| a reagent present in s quantity that is more than sufficient to react with a limiting reagent; any reactant that remains after the limiting reagent is used up in a chemical reaction |
Unlock the answer
question
| Skeletal Equation |
answer
| unbalanced equation |
Unlock the answer
question
| Balanced |
answer
| equal on left side and right |
Unlock the answer
question
| Decomposition |
answer
| equation A+B=AB |
Unlock the answer
question
| Synthesis/Direct Combo |
answer
| equation AB - A + B |
Unlock the answer
question
| Single Replacement |
answer
| equation A + BC - AC + B |
Unlock the answer
question
| Mg + CuSO4 -- MgSO4 + Cu |
answer
| Mg is higher on the activity series than Cu, reaction will take place |
Unlock the answer
question
| 2Na + CuSO4 - MgSO4 + Cu |
answer
4 g CuSO4 x 1 mol/159g CuSO4 x 2 mol Na/1 mol CuSO4 x 23 g Na/1 mol Na = ____ g Na |
Unlock the answer
question
| Stoichiometry |
answer
| that portion of chemistry dealing with nimerical relationships in chemical reactions |
Unlock the answer
question
| Find Limiting Reagent |
answer
| 1. amount of an element in the equation 2. multiply x 1 mol of the same element/mass of that element ex) CuSO4 - Cu = 63 S = 32 Ox4 = 64 ---- 159 g 3. multiply by coefficient of the other element/coefficient of original element 4. multiply by mass of the other element/1 mol of the other element 5. multiply all top factors and then divide by bottom 6. find result - more than original amount? not the limiting reagent. less than original amount? it IS the limiting reagent. |
Unlock the answer
question
| Solute |
answer
| Substance that is dissolved in a solution |
Unlock the answer
question
| Solution |
answer
| a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. |
Unlock the answer
question
| Solvent |
answer
| The component of a solution that is present in the greatest amount. Ex) Saltwater, salt is solvent |
Unlock the answer
question
| M = mol/L |
answer
| Molarity = moles of solute/liters of solution |
Unlock the answer
question
| Molarity Equation |
answer
| 1. mass of element/volume of element ex) 465 gNa/50 mL Na 2. multiply by 1 mol/mass of element 3. multiply amount mL in 1L(1000 mL)/1L 4. multiply top factors and divide by bottom 5. find answer |
Unlock the answer
question
| % Yield |
answer
| Actual Yield/Theoretical Yield x 100 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Theoretical Yield |
answer
| Same procedure as limiting reagent, new element |
Unlock the answer
question
| How many grams of KOH are required to make 250.0 mL of a 6.0 M solution of KOH? |
answer
| 250 mL x 1 L/1000mL x 6.0 mol KOH/1L x 56.1 g KOH/1 mol KOH = 84 g KOH |
Unlock the answer
