Chemistry Exam #4 – Flashcards
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| What is a solute? |
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| Substance disolved-(minority) |
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| What is a Solvent? |
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| Substance doing the dissolving-majority component |
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| What is an aqueous solution? |
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| the solvent in water |
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| What is solubility? |
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| amount of a compound that dissolves in a certain amount of solvent; ability for a substance to be dissolved. |
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| What is a saturated solution? |
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| maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given solvent under a certain set of conditions |
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| What is an unsaturated solution? |
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| Less than the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given solvent under a certain set of conditions |
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| What is a supersaturated solution? |
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| More than the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given solvent under a certain set of conditions |
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| Solubilitiy of solids...? |
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| increases with temperature |
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| Solubility of gases...? |
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| in water, increases with pressure |
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| Solubility of gases in water...? |
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| decreases with temperature |
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| What does dilute mean? |
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| Low concentration |
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| What is mass percent? |
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| (Mass solute/mass solute+mass solvent)x100% |
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| What is the equation of Molarity? |
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| moles of solute/liter of solution |
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| The moles of solute...? |
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| Is the same in the concentrated and dilute solution |
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| What is the equation for Molality (m)? |
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| moles solute/kilograms of solvent |
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| What is freezing point depression? |
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the presence of solute in a solution lowers the freezing pint of the pure solvent (ex:salt fo melt ice) ?Tf = m x Kf KfH2O=1.86 Celcius water/mol solute |
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| What is boiling point elevation? |
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the presence of solute in a solution raises the boiling point
?Tb = m x Kb Kb H2O = 0.512 ?C kg water/mol solute |
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| What is osmosis? |
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| diffusion (movement from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration) through a semi-permeable membrane |
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| What are acids? |
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substances that produce H+ in a solution, sour taste, oxidize metals |
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| What are some strong acids? |
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HCl, HBr, HI, H 2SO4, HNO4, HClO 4 |
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| What are some weak acids? |
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HF, CH 3COOH (or HC2H3O2), HCOOH, H2SO3 , H 2CO3, H3PO 4 |
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| What are bases? |
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| substances that produce OH- |
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| Organic acids have what group? |
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| -COOH |
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| Examples of strong bases? |
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| NaOH, KOH |
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| Examples of weak bases? |
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NaHCO 3–, NH 3 |
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| Organic bases have what group? |
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| -NH3 group |
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| What is the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid and base? |
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acid= a proton (H+) donor base= a proton (H+) acceptor |
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| What is a conjugate acid? |
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the acid formed when a base accepts a proton |
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| What is a conjugate base? |
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the base formed when an acid donates a proton |
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| Neutralization Reaction |
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acid + base --> salt + water |
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| Gas Evolution Reaction |
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acid + carbonate --> salt + CO 2 + water |
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| Metal oxidation/dissolving reaction |
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acid + metal --> salt + hydrogen gas
Acid + metal oxide --> salt + water |
