Chemistry Chapters 10 and 11 – Flashcards
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solids have a definate volume because
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the particles do not have a tendency to change positions
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the compressibility of solids is generally
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lower than the compressibility of liquids and gases
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what happens to the volume of a gas during compression
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the volume increases
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which of the following properties do solids share with liquids
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definite volume
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the intermolecular forces between particles in a liquid can involve all of the following except
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gravitational forces
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pressure is the force per unit
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surface area
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if force is held constant as surface area decreases, pressure
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increases
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standard temperature is exactly
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0C
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Under which conditions do real gases most resemble ideal gases
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low pressure and high temperature
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If a gas with an odor is released in a room, it quickly can be detected across the room because it
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diffuses
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the equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid increases with increasing temperature because
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the average energy of the particles in the liquid increases
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at pressures greater than 1 atm, water will boil at
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a temperature higher than 100 C
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according to the kinetic molecular theory particles of matter
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are in constant motion
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the energy of the particles in a solid is
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lower than the energy of the particles in liquids and gases
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glycerol boils at a slightly higher temperature than water. This reveals that glycerol's attractive forces are
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stronger than those of water
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who developed the concept that the total pressure of a mixture of gases in the sum of their partial pressures
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Dalton
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standard pressure is exactly
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1 atm
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why would a camper near the top of Mt. Everest find that water boils at less thatn 100 C
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there is less atmospheric pressure than at sea level
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in general, most substances are
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most dense in the solid state
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what does the constant bombardment of gas molecules against the inside walls of a container produce
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pressure
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what is the process of a substance changing from a solid to a vapor without passing through the liquid phase
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sublimation
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the particles in both gases and liquids
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can change positions with other particles
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when pressure, volume, and temperature are known, the ideal gas law can be used to calculate
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the number of moles
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during the process of freezing, a liquid
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loses kinetic energy
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what is the process by which molecules of a gas randomly encounter and pass through a small opening in a container
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effusion
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a pressure of 745 mmHG equals
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745 torr
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see question 27
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ok
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which term best describes the process by which particles escape from the surface of a nonboiling liquid and enter the gas state
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evaporation
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the rate of diffusion in solids is very low because the
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particles are not free to move about
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convert the pressure .840 atm to mm Hg
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638 mm Hg
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which instrument measures atmospheric pressure
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barometer
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according to Gay Lussac's Law, if the gas pressure inside a container decreases, then the temperature
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decreases
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the particles in a liquid are usually
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closer together and lower in energy than those in a gas
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add pressures together and subtract from total pressure (question 34)
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ok
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forces holding particles together are strongest in a
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solid
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all of the following equations are statements of the ideal gas law except
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P = nRTV
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the kinetic molecular theory explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of the energy of the particles and
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the forces that act between the particles
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compared with a crystalline solid, the particles in an amorphous solid
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occur in a random pattern
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molecules at the surface of a liquid can enter the vapor phase only if
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their energy is hgh enough to overcome the attractive forces in the liquid
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an ideal gas is a hypothetical gas
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that conforms to all of the assumptions of the kinetic theory
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see question 41
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ok
