Chemistry Chapter 12 – Flashcards

The calculations of quantities in chemical reactions is a subject of chemistry For chemists, stoichiometry is a form of bookkeeping. It allows chemists to tally the amounts of reactants and products using ratios of moles or representative particles. that portion of chemistry dealing with numerical relationships in chemical reactions; the calculation of quantities of substances involved in chemical equations

Mass and atoms are conserved in every chemical reaction.

A balanced chemical equation provides the same kind of quantitative information that a recipe does.

Chemists use balanced chemical equations as a basis to calculate how much reactant is needed or product is formed in a reaction

A balanced chemical equation can be interpreted in terms of different quantities, including numbers of atoms, molecules, or moles; mass; and volume.

a conversion factor derived from the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation interpreted in terms of moles.

to convert between a given number of moles of a reactant or product to moles of a different reactant or product.

The given quantity is first converted to moles. Then, the mole ratio from the balanced equation is used to calculate the number of moles of the wanted substance. Finally, the moles are converted to any other unit of measurement related to the unit mole, as the problem requires.

Mole ratios from the balanced equation are used to calculate the amount of a reactant or product in a chemical reaction from a given amount of one of the reactants or products.

The percent yield is a measure of the efficiency of a reaction performed in the laboratory.

any reactant that is used up first in a chemical reaction; it determines the amount of product that can be formed in the reaction

a reagent present in a quantity that is more than sufficient to react with a limiting reagent; any reactant that remains after the limiting reagent is used up in a chemical reaction

the amount of product that could form during a reaction calculated from a balanced chemical equation; it represents the maximum amount of product that could be formed from a given amount of reactant

the amount of product that forms when a reaction is carried out in the laboratory

the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield for a chemical reaction expressed as a percentage; a measure of the efficiency of a reaction