Chapter: Hardware and software – Flashcards
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What is the number of millions of CPU cycles per second?
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megahertz
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What is the computer's main memory, which consists of the random access memory (RAM), cache memory, and read-only memory (ROM) that is directly accessible to the CPU?
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primary storage
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What is the computer's primary working memory, in which program instructions and data are stored so that they can be accessed directly by the CPU via the processor's high-speed external data bus?
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RAM
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What is a small unit of ultra-fast memory that is used to store recently accessed or frequently accessed data so that the CPU does not have to retrieve this data from slower memory circuits such as RAM?
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cache memory
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What is the portion of a computer's primary storage that does not lose its contents when one switches off the power?
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ROM
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What is a special type of rewritable read-only memory (ROM) that is compact and portable?
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flash memory
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What consists of equipment designed to store large volumes of data for long-term storage?
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secondary storage
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What is roughly 1 million bytes?
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megabyte
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What is software?
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the set of instructions that the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks
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What is hardware?
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consists of the physical devices associated with a computer system
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What is a CPU?
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the actual hardware that interprets and executes the program (software) instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together
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What is the number of billions of CPU cycles per second?
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gigahertz
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What is a telecommunications system?
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a system that enables the transmission of data over public or private networks
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What is a network?
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a communications, data exchange, and resource-sharing system created by linking two or more computers and establishing standards, or protocols, so that they can work together
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What is a peer-to-peer network?
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any network without a central file server and in which all computers in the network have access to the public files located on all other workstations
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What is a client?
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a computer that is designed to request information from a server
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What is a client/server network?
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a model for applications in which the bulk of the back-end processing, such as performing a physical search of a database, takes place on a server, while the front-end processing, which involves communicating with the users, is handled by the clients
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What is network topology?
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a reference to the geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers and other network devices in a network
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Which of the following is not a network topology?
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ethernet
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Which of the following represents the bus topology?
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All devices are connected to a central cable or backbone.
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Which of the following represents the ring topology?
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All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop, so that each device is connected directly to two other devices, one on either side of it.
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What is a protocol?
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standard that specifies the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission
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Which of the following represents the TCP/IP four-layer reference model?
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application, transport, Internet, network interface
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What allows files containing text, programs, graphics, numerical data, and so on to be downloaded off or uploaded onto a network?
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file transfer protocol (FTP)
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What allows the management of networked nodes to be managed from a single point?
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simple network management protocol (SNMP)
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What is TCP/IP's own messaging system for email?
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simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
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What allows web browsers and servers to send and receive web pages?
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hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
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Which of the following is not a commonly used type of guided media?
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transmission control protocol/internet protocol
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What is transmission material manufactured so that signals will be confined to a narrow path and will behave predictably?
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wire media
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What refers to a type of cable composed of four (or more) copper wires twisted around each other within a plastic sheath?
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twisted-pair cable
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What is cable that can carry a wide range of frequencies with low signal loss?
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coaxial cable
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What refers to the technology associated with the transmission of information as light impulses along a glass wire or fiber?
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fiber-optic cable
