Chapter 9 Study Guide The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction Test Answers – Flashcards

Which of the following is NOT true concerning mitosis?
A. Plant cells lack centrioles while animal cells do not.
B. Both plant and animal cells undergo cytokinesis.
C. Mitosis allows growth and increase in size in both plants and animals.
D. Animal cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis while plant cells do not.

Cancer cells require many nutrients, which are supplied by blood vessels. The growth of new blood vessels to cancerous tissue is called:
A. angiogenesis
B. metastasis
C. carcinogenesis
D. apotosis

Apoptosis
A. is programmed cell death.
B. is a process that acts to decrease the number of somatic cells.
C. frees the fingers and toes of the human embryo from their ‘webbed’ structure to independent structures
D. All of the choices are correct.

The region that contains the genetic information in a bacterial cell is called the
A. nucleus.
B. nucleoid.
C. nucleolus.
D. nucleosome.
E. nucleoprotein.

Virtually all specialized cells of multicellular organisms
A. develop through mutation from less specialized cells of the organism.
B. contain more genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism.
C. contain less genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism.
D. have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells of the organism.

If a parent cell has 48 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis and cytokinesis occurs?
A. 24 chromosomes
B. 48 chromosomes
C. 12 chromosomes
D. 96 chromosomes

Interphase:
A. occupies the majority of the cell cycle
B. includes G1, S and G2 stages
C. results in an increase in cell size
D. all of the above
E. A and B only

Eukaryotic chromosomes
A. consist of both DNA and protein.
B. may occur as chromatin.
C. contain histones responsible for packaging DNA to fit into a small space.
D. All of the choices are correct.

What is the result of a cell not meeting the criteria to pass the G1 checkpoint?
A. The cell cycle halts.
B. The cell may enter the G0 stage
C. The cell may undergo apoptosis.
D. All of the above.
E. A and B only.

Which is NOT true about the chromosomes of a multicellular organism?
A. They are made up of DNA and protein.
B. Each chromosome is replicated into two chromatids during the S phase of interphase.
C. Each chromosome separates into two daughter chromosomes by binary fission.
D. All cells contain chromosomes that carry the same genetic information.

The function of mitosis is:
A. growth of the organism and tissue repair.
B. to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
C. asexual reproduction in some species.
D. All of the choices are correct.

In the life cycle of animals, ________ have the haploid number of chromosomes.
A. all body cells
B. sperm and egg cells
C. muscle and nerve cells
D. skin and blood cells

What codes for proteins that promote the normal cell cycle and prevents apoptosis?
A. Tumor suppressor genes
B. Oncogenes
C. Caspases
D. proto-oncogenes

The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes for humans is
A. 23.
B. 24.
C. 44.
D. 46.
E. 48.

The haploid (n) number of chromosomes for humans is
A. 23.
B. 24.
C. 44.
D. 46.
E. 48.

Which statement is NOT true about mitosis?
A. Mitosis is a process that duplicates and divides the nuclear contents only.
B. Mitosis produces two daughter cells that contain the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
C. Mitosis produces two daughter cells that contain the same kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell.
D. Mitosis uses a diploid (2n) parent cell to form daughter cells containing a haploid number(n) of chromosomes.
E. Mitosis is involved in development of a fertilized egg into a multicellular organism.

Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?
A. G1, G2, S, M
B. G1, G2, M, S
C. G1, M, G2, S
D. G1, S, G2, M

What factors are evaluated before a cell is allowed to proceed through the G1 checkpoint?
A. growth signals
B. availability of nutrients
C. the integrity of cellular DNA
D. all of the above
E. A and C, but not B

The critical checkpoints that control the cell cycle are at the:
A. M to G1 stage and G2 to M stage.
B. S to G2 stage and G2 to M stage.
C. G1 to S stage and G2 to M stage.
D. M to G1 stage and S to G2 stage.

During which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most significant?
A. M phase
B. G1 phase
C. G2 phase
D. S phase
E. G0 phase

Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a muscle or nerve cell?
A. M phase
B. G1 phase
C. G2 phase
D. S phase
E. G0 phase

Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?
A. prophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, telophase
B. prophase, telophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase
C. prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
D. telophase, anaphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase
E. anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase

In some organisms, mitosis occurs without cytokinesis. This results in:
A. cell death
B. a multinucleated cell
C. cells arrested in the G0 phase
D. cells with no nucleus
E. uncontrolled cell division

What occurs in anaphase?
A. Centrioles move to opposite poles.
B. Chromosomes move to opposite poles.
C. Chromosomes line up along the equator of the dividing cell.
D. The nuclear envelope disappears.
E. The nuclear envelope is constructed.

Which does NOT occur in telophase?
A. Cytokinesis is under way.
B. The nuclear envelope is being reconstructed.
C. The centromeres split apart.
D. Chromosomes de-condense into chromatin.
E. The nucleolus reforms.

Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from this process in animal cells because
A. the plant endoplasmic reticulum forms a cell plate.
B. microtubules are laid down in a plywood-like cell plate pattern.
C. the Golgi apparatus produces vesicles that migrate along microtubules and fuse to become a cell plate.
D. the inner plasma membrane divides by cytokinesis as in animal cells and then secretes a cellulose cell wall.
E. asters coalesce to form a fibrous plate that reinforces with cellulose.

Binary fission in bacteria differs from mitosis because
A. the chromosome copies attach to the plasma membrane and are pulled apart by cell growth.
B. the chromosome is a simple DNA strand without complex proteins and no spindle forms.
C. there is no nuclear membrane to break down and rebuild.
D. All of the choices are correct.
E. A and B only.

Oncogenes are all of the following EXCEPT:
A. mutated proto-oncogenes
B. cancer causing genes
C. genes that stimulate uncontrolled cell divisions
D. tumor suppressor genes

Which of the following is NOT true about cancer cells?
A. They never fully differentiate.
B. They exhibit contact inhibition.
C. They exhibit uncontrolled growth.
D. They exhibit disorganized growth.
E. They may undergo metastasis.

Which is NOT correctly associated with cancer?
A. Angiogenesis forms new blood vessels and brings nutrients and oxygen to the tumor.
B. The disorganized mass of cells is encapsulated and does not invade adjacent tissue.
C. Metastasis establishes new tumors distant from the site of the primary tumor.
D. Cells have receptors to adhere to basement membranes, then secrete proteinase enzymes to invade underlying tissues.

Angiogenesis:
A. is the growth of blood vessels into the tumor
B. is directed by additional mutations in tumor cells
C. bring nutrients and oxygen to a tumor
D. all of the above
E. A and C only

Apoptosis refers to cell death and
A. is always biologically detrimental to an organism.
B. is merely the accumulation of genetic errors.
C. is any failure of the genetic machinery to work properly.
D. is a failure in the translation or transcription mechanism.
E. can be programmed and is essential to normal development.

The purpose of therapeutic cloning is:
A. to produce an individual to the donor of the nucleus
B. to produce specialized tissue cells
C. to stimulate cells that have been arrested in the S phase
D. none of the above

The event that signals the start of anaphase is
A. division of the centromeres to separate sister chromatids.
B. migration of the centrioles to opposite poles of the nuclear space.
C. a cleavage furrow starts to form.
D. asters disappear.

Contact inhibition stops normal cells from dividing when they come in contact with neighboring cells, but this is not functional in cancer cells.
True False

Generally, brain and nerve cells are not able to regenerate after injury because they have left the cell cycle and are unable to return.
True False

Viruses and chemical exposure can cause mutations in proto-oncogenes which can lead to cancer.
True False

The function of Mitosis is:
A. Growth of the organism and tissue repair
B. to ensure that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic material
C. asexual production in some species
D. all of the choices are correct