Chapter 9 Quiz – Flashcards
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According to John O'Sullivan, the "manifest destiny" of the United States to occupy North America could be traced to:
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A divine mission.
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America's first commercial railroad was the:
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Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
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At the Lowell textile mills:
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The owners established lecture halls, churches, and a worker-edited periodical to occupy the workers' free time.
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During the first half of the nineteenth century, individualism:
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Was rooted in the idea of self-sufficiency.
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For which one of the following did nativists NOT blame immigrants in the 1840s?
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Increased Protestantism
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Henry David Thoreau believed that:
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Genuine freedom lay within the individual.
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How did the market revolution affect the lives of artisans?
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Gathered in factories, they faced constant supervision and the breakdown of craftsmanship into specialized tasks.
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In an 1837 case involving the Charles River in Massachusetts, Chief Justice Roger Taney:
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Declared the community had a legitimate interest in promoting transportation and prosperity.
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In his essay "The Laboring Classes," Orestes Brownson argued that:
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Radical social change would produce equality between men.
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Most of the states that entered the Union in the six years immediately following the War of 1812 were located:
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West of the Appalachian Mountains.
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Samuel Slater:
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Established America's first factory.
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Squatters:
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Set up farms on unoccupied land.
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The "American System of manufactures":
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Relied on the mass production of interchangeable parts.
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The "German triangle" in the mid-nineteenth century referred to:
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Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Milwaukee—cities with large German populations.
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The American railroad industry in the first half of the nineteenth century:
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Stimulated the coal-mining industry.
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The catalyst for the market revolution was a series of innovations in:
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Transportation and communication.
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The cult of domesticity:
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Led to a decline in birthrates.
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The Erie Canal gave which city primacy over competing ports in accessing trade with the Northwest?
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New York
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The Erie Canal:
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Was far longer than any other canal in the United States at that time.
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The first industry to be shaped by the large factory system was:
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Textiles.
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The majority of the nearly 4 million immigrants that entered the United States between 1840 and 1860 were from:
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Germany and Ireland.
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The role of a white middle-class woman in antebellum America was primarily to:
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Focus her energies on the home and children.
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The transcendentalist movement:
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Emphasized individual judgment, not tradition.
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The women who protested during the Shoemakers' Strike in Lynn compared their condition to that of:
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Slaves.
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What city was known as "porkopolis" because of its slaughterhouses that butchered and processed hundreds of thousands of pigs each year?
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Cincinnati
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What encouraged the building of factories in coastal towns such as New Bedford and even large inland cities such as Chicago by the 1840s?
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Steam power meant factories no longer had to be near waterfalls and rapids to generate the power.
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What helped to encourage Richard Allen to establish the African Methodist Episcopal Church?
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He was forcibly removed from praying at the altar rail at his former place of worship.
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What improvement most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce in the first half of the nineteenth century?
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Canals and steamboats
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What problem with cotton did Eli Whitney solve by inventing the cotton gin?
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Removing seeds from the cotton was a slow and painstaking task, but Whitney made it much easier and less labor-intensive.
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What was the most important export from the United States by the mid-nineteenth century?
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Cotton
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What was the significance of Robert Fulton?
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His work in designing steamboats made upstream commerce possible.
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Which denomination enjoyed the largest membership in the United States by the 1840s?
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Methodist
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Which one of the following is NOT an example of the significance of Eli Whitney's cotton gin?
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The completion of the Erie Canal allowed the transportation of thousands of pounds of cotton per day.
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Which one of the following was NOT a way in which westward movement affected the South?
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The South had to develop a highly effective railroad system to transport goods from west to east.
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Women who worked at the Lowell mills:
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Lived in closely supervised boardinghouses.
