CHapter 9–essay – Flashcards
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What was the new class structure that resulted from the Industrial Revolution, and what was life like in each social class?
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The wealthy stayed wealthy because they became entrepreneurs by investing and owning factories, which produced more wealth. The middle class got new job opportunities. The lower class suffered, and they became even poorer, having to work long hours, poor pay, and poor working conditions.
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What were the positive and negative effects of the Industrial Revolution?
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Positive: New technology, new means of transportation, more efficiency is business, new inventions and power Negative: Lower class suffered, horrible pollution, widened the gap between rich and poor
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How did the Napoleonic wars and French revolution impact the industrialization of Continental Europe?
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All of Frances resources, like money, energy, and human resources were dedicated to the war effort rather than industrialization.
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How did the Industrial Revolution lead to imperialism?
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Imperialism (the policy of extending one country's rule over many other lands) was born. It was born out of the cycle of industrialization, the development of new markets throughout the world, and the need for resources to supply the factories of Europe.
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What was the laissez-faire philosophy, and how did it influence early industrialists?
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Refers to the economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions.
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Why did unions form, and what tactics did they use?
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They formed as a response to the Industrial Revolution. Workers were treated badly, with poor pay and harmful working conditions. They formed unions to have "power in numbers." These were like "pact." Tactics they used were strikes, collective bargaining (compromising between workers and bosses).
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Why did the Industrial Revolution occur in Great Britain before it occurred elsewhere in Europe?
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Britain had natural resources--coal, iron, rivers, harbors--> coal used to fuel engines, iron to make machinery, rivers allowed for boats to transfer goods also water-powered machinery Expanding economy encouraged investments-->investors feel more secure in a good economy Had factors of production--land, labor (workers), capital (money & resources)-->more land provides more resources and space to work; labor-a large labor force means that the owner can pay workers less since there is a higher need for jobs; more capital means more money to invest
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Why might the philosophy of communism have appealed to many 19th-century factory workers?
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Communism appealed to them because it would better their own lifestyle. Communism, which means that all forms of production would be owned by the people, allowed their to be total equality amongst people. In a communist country, the factory workers would not be treated badly, would not have poor working conditions, and would have equal pay and goods as their "bosses." There would be no private industry; so, big corporations could not harm them.
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