Chapter 9, 10, 11 Speech test – Flashcards
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They build an idea choosing a speech purpose selecting a purpose selecting a subject and narrowing it to a speech topic
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If speakers don't simply select an idea, what do they do?
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A speech to keep the audience's attention. Usually humorous. Get it keep it
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Define: Speech to entertain
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The audience learns a new subject / learns new information about a topic. Teach
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Define: Speech to inform.
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To change the audience's attitude or behavior. attitude and behavior.
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Define: Speech to persuade.
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The primary purpose of a speech (most important) 1st entertain , 2nd Inform, 3rd Persuade
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Define: controlling purpose.
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When the purpose is left unstated or hidden by another purpose (rarely use this)
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Define: hidden agenda.
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The audience doesn't understand, they can disregard your purpose because you weren't emphasizing it , or they can be angry because you were deceiving them
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What problems may arise from using a hidden agenda?
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Consider your needs, your audience's needs, and the demands of the situation.
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To find a topic what three things must be considered?
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A specific event within the situation
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What is an occasion?
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Are you interested Do you have experience or info Can you find further info Will you enjoy talking about it Are there other topics that suit your audience and occasion you'd rather speak on Does it entertain inform or persuade / complete the purpose
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List six guidelines to consider in order to suit yourself (the speaker).
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Will the audience be interested(how it affects them) Can you interest the audience Does the audience need to know it Will it offend anyone What does the audience already know Will it be fresh info or not Does the topic allow the audience to be one of the three things . Expect to be entertained informed or persuaded. Does the topic allow you to meet those expectations
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List seven guidelines to consider in order to suit the audience.
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does the occasion have a special purpose Is the audience together for a special reason Does the topic fit the expectations of the audience Are you comfortable Serious or light tone Topic fit into three categories/ require a speech to Can you give it in time
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List seven guidelines to consider in order to suit the occasion.
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The speakers´ use
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Who are purpose statements written for?
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The audience
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Who are thesis statements written for?
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Control speech prep narrow topic
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What two things should a purpose statement do?
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The audience, The subject, The result
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What three things should a purpose statement specify?
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State your topic and your position so they know what to expect. Purpose does it do that NEVER START WITH THESIS
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What does a thesis communicate?
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The audience expects it helps the audience follow your ideas Shapes the audience expectations
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What three reasons make a thesis statement necessary?
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Generating interest: Keeps the audience entertained Being precise: It better explains what your talking about Being concise: The audience won't get bored/ few words as possible Avoiding categorical terms: They are difficult to support (all, none)
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Identify and explain the four necessary qualities of a good thesis.
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Makes the speech more manageable
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What does narrowing a topic help a speaker do?
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Be natural, lively, appropriate, and pair delivery with message.
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List the four guidelines to follow in order to deliver a speech effectively.
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Being prepared
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What gives one the confidence that lets one be himself?
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A speaker who has an energetic, lively, active ,or assertive style.
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A speaker who has dynamism has what?
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The situation purpose and audience
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Good delivery is appropriate for what?
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The human element. (delivery like facial expression...)
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Why are speeches often more effective than written messages?
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They flow without unnecessary interruption.
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Define: fluent
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Method of presenting a speech. (how)
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What is a delivery format?
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Impromptu, Extemporaneous, Manuscript ,and Memorized.
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What are the four delivery formats?
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Delivery that is unrehearsed and presented without notes or prior planning.
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Explain impromptu delivery.
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It must have a clear message and be organized
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How does one present a clearly organized impromptu speech?
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You rely on an outline or notes.
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Explain extemporaneous delivery.
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Key words and phrases that remind you of your ideas
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What do notes for extemporaneous delivery contain?
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Practice
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What is the key to effective extemporaneous delivery?
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The speaker to write out every word of a speech
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What does a manuscript delivery require?
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So they can adjust to certain time limits, prep to memorize, and verify they wrote it themselves.
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Why do contest speakers use manuscripts?
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It doesn't sound as natural. Lose eye contact, limited gestures, lose place.
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How may a manuscript affect delivery?
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Preparing a manuscript and presenting from memory.
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What does memorized delivery require?
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Contest speaking and professional speaking.
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What are two situations that call for memorized delivery?
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Impromptu
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Which type of delivery requires no prior work?
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Manuscript/ memorized
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. Which type of delivery cannot be adapted to the situation and the audience during delivery?
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A few words to guide 15-30 seconds of speaking.
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When outlining, what is the rule of thumb as far as notes and speech time is concerned?
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Words and phrases that connect ideas in one part of a speech to another.
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Define: transitions
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Outline, talk it through, talk through each section, re speak it then re-write it, then make a clean final copy
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List the steps involved in preparing a manuscript for a speech.
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Reduced eye contact and unnecessary pauses
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For effective delivery of a manuscript speech, what are two major problems you'll have to deal with?
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Write the whole speech on the top third of the paper
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A technique used to improve eye contact without a Tele Promp Ter is what?
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Anticipate questions, restate the question, be polite, relate to the audience, Admit what you don't know.
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How does one handle questions and answers after a speech?
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Becoming a better speech consumer, providing feedback, learning from others, Appreciating speeches as art.
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List and explain four good reasons for learning how to evaluate speeches.
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Judging results, Judging content, judging ethics, judging artistic qualities (manner of delivery), using a combined approach (judge multiple things)
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List the five general methods to evaluate a speech.
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Decide what they want to accomplish and if they do so
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Judging results means you must determine what? - and then decide what?
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The specific purpose
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When judging on content, what should one analyze?
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Supporting materials, facts ,stats
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What should judging content also include?
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If they are lying or not
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When judging ethics, what does the audience determine?
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The manner of delivery the language and organization and overall impact.
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When judging artistic qualities, one must consider what?
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Content and delivery
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By using a combined approach, in evaluating speeches, one can look at what?
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Be positive, give suggestions, avoid personal remarks, be fair, avoid personal opinions, allow for individuality, be specific, be realistic
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List the 8 guidelines for evaluating speeches.
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Find good and bad parts
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When evaluating speeches, one should encourage speakers by commenting on what?
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Suggest ways to fix it
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If one observes a weakness, what should one do in addition to identifying it?
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Make specific observations, review the criteria, determine if speech meets that criteria, make suggestions
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List the four steps for making suggestions.
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Anyone on a personal level
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When you evaluate a speech, you should not attack what or whom?
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Fit the Sit, purpose, audience, and level of skill
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To be fair, one should set reasonable standards for evaluations. However, one should be sure the standards fit what?
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Elements that would be a problem to the listeners (more than one)
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To avoid personal opinions, criticize only what?
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the things speaker can control
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In order to be realistic, comment only on what?
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Is the criticism consistent with what you've learned are good public speaking practices? Is the criticism consistent with the comments of others? Have you received similar comments? Is it related to something they can control? Is the criticism on an external factor and how to avoid it. Is it a result of a closed mind or difference of opinion you should take into account.
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List the five questions you should ask when you are the one being evaluated.
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The speaker´s purpose, the use you'll make of the evaluation, and the use the speaker will make of the evaluation.
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When evaluating a speech, one should base the comments and the evaluation form on what three things?
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Help to prepare future speeches Help compare to other students Grade
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In general, the teacher will grade speeches for what two reasons?
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Open-ended forms / Checklists require less writing / complex
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Explain the differences between the two types of evaluation forms presented in this book.
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Practice before you deliver. use form as guideline
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In order to do a self-evaluation before your speech, what must one do?
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The audience
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What should one use to evaluate effectiveness during a speech?
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look at your notes and indicate work areas. Make list of delivery problems you noticed .
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What should one do after the speech to self-evaluate (short of recording the speech)?
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Editor, columnist, politician , reporter, and commentator
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Name a few careers, which require the ability to analyze a speech critically.
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They analyze and evaluate for professionals
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What do rhetorical critics do?
